{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2532550198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcre.2005.13","title":"Deobfuscation: Reverse Engineering Obfuscated Code","display_name":"Deobfuscation: Reverse Engineering Obfuscated Code","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2532550198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcre.2005.13","mag":"2532550198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcre.2005.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcre.2005.13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcre.2005.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227819","display_name":"Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE)","issn_l":"1095-1350","issn":["1095-1350","2375-5369"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE'05)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040502207","display_name":"Sharath K. Udupa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.K. Udupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010583949","display_name":"S. Debray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5908-841X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5908-841X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.K. Debray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080555449","display_name":"Matias Madou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Madou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97657233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-obfuscation","display_name":"code obfuscation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deobfuscation","display_name":"deobfuscation","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"reverse engineering","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security","display_name":"software security","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-analysis","display_name":"dynamic analysis","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"static analysis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation-resilience","display_name":"obfuscation resilience","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.9314855337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.9020481109619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587814331054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6478750109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.5385196805000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5018603801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.48220574855804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47712087631225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.46178609132766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.4599752426147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4354862570762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.42774707078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139143892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441615","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","level":5,"score":0.41326671838760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34562167525291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2260059416294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.12790367007255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcre.2005.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcre.2005.13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcre.2005.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227819","display_name":"Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE)","issn_l":"1095-1350","issn":["1095-1350","2375-5369"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"12th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE'05)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.302.7805","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.302.7805","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://profs.sci.univr.it/~giaco/download/Watermarking-Obfuscation/unflatten.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:411936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-411936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WCRE: 12TH WORKING CONFERENCE ON REVERSE ENGINEERING 2005, PROCEEDINGS","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105131483","https://openalex.org/W175051244","https://openalex.org/W175329226","https://openalex.org/W1485151688","https://openalex.org/W1500009377","https://openalex.org/W1534715026","https://openalex.org/W1543331277","https://openalex.org/W1564075167","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1569422795","https://openalex.org/W1597549781","https://openalex.org/W1798077826","https://openalex.org/W1979680516","https://openalex.org/W2079366392","https://openalex.org/W2084979378","https://openalex.org/W2086968222","https://openalex.org/W2097699872","https://openalex.org/W2100209048","https://openalex.org/W2108551812","https://openalex.org/W2129228480","https://openalex.org/W2141442517","https://openalex.org/W2146455667","https://openalex.org/W2146567535","https://openalex.org/W2166462894","https://openalex.org/W2170793790","https://openalex.org/W2295349525","https://openalex.org/W4244542852","https://openalex.org/W4245435048","https://openalex.org/W4253587022","https://openalex.org/W6604241544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096698232","https://openalex.org/W7099634336","https://openalex.org/W7098473011","https://openalex.org/W2229758354","https://openalex.org/W2380890831","https://openalex.org/W7098147531","https://openalex.org/W2520143678","https://openalex.org/W7216888902","https://openalex.org/W2897131485","https://openalex.org/W7117561180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,92],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"code":[3,59,112,134],"obfuscation":[4,143],"has":[5,114],"attracted":[6],"attention":[7],"as":[8,42,129],"a":[9,43],"low":[10],"cost":[11],"approach":[12],"to":[13,23,62,85,106,117,120,149],"improving":[14],"software":[15,30,87,90,96,124],"security":[16],"by":[17],"making":[18],"it":[19],"difficult":[20,119],"for":[21,36,111,133],"attackers":[22],"understand":[24],"the":[25,56,64,93,140],"inner":[26],"workings":[27],"of":[28,39,55,58,66,75,95,142],"proprietary":[29],"systems.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"examines":[34],"techniques":[35,144],"automatic":[37],"deobfuscation":[38],"obfuscated":[40],"programs,":[41],"step":[44],"towards":[45],"reverse":[46,108,121,151],"engineering":[47,88],"such":[48],"programs.":[49],"Our":[50,81],"results":[51,82,127],"indicate":[52],"that":[53,113,145],"much":[54],"effects":[57],"obfuscation,":[60],"designed":[61,116],"increase":[63],"difficulty":[65],"static":[67,77],"analyses,":[68],"can":[69,103,137],"be":[70,104,118],"defeated":[71],"using":[72],"simple":[73],"combinations":[74],"straightforward":[76,150],"and":[78,89,136],"dynamic":[79,101],"analyses.":[80],"have":[83],"applications":[84],"both":[86],"security.":[91],"context":[94],"engineering,":[97,109],"we":[98],"show":[99],"how":[100],"analyses":[102],"used":[105],"enhance":[107],"even":[110],"been":[115],"engineer.":[122],"For":[123],"security,":[125],"our":[126],"serve":[128],"an":[130],"attack":[131],"model":[132],"obfuscators,":[135],"help":[138],"with":[139],"development":[141],"are":[146],"more":[147],"resilient":[148],"engineering.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00"}
