{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2531793289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","title":"The impact of sanitation interventions on latrine coverage and latrine use: A systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"The impact of sanitation interventions on latrine coverage and latrine use: A systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2531793289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","mag":"2531793289","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27825597","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5414716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463916302619/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83450999","display_name":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","issn_l":"1438-4639","issn":["1438-4639","1618-131X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463916302619/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028224856","display_name":"Joshua V. Garn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-466X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-466X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua V. Garn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088879414","display_name":"Gloria D. Sclar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-167X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-167X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gloria D. Sclar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035739059","display_name":"Matthew C. Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-2572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-2572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew C. Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063809075","display_name":"Gauthami Penakalapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-7431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-7431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gauthami Penakalapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073077658","display_name":"Kelly Alexander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-2241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-2241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly T. Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Patrick Brooks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019412428","display_name":"Eva Annette Rehfuess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-8846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-8846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva A. Rehfuess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, LMU, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, LMU, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051972156","display_name":"Sophie Boisson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Boisson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024378579","display_name":"Kate O. Medlicott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate O. Medlicott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023705297","display_name":"Thomas Clasen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-5788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-5788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas F. Clasen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: thomas.f.clasen@emory.edu","Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: thomas.f.clasen@emory.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023705297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"fwci":3.0386,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":268,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94444444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"220","issue":"2","first_page":"329","last_page":"340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanitation-interventions","display_name":"sanitation interventions","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latrine-coverage","display_name":"latrine coverage","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latrine-use","display_name":"latrine use","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-defecation","display_name":"open defecation","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-sanitation-campaign","display_name":"Total Sanitation Campaign","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-led-total-sanitation","display_name":"community-led total sanitation","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewerage","display_name":"sewerage","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanitation-education","display_name":"sanitation education","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-and-sanitation","display_name":"health and sanitation","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.9665920734405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197743484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5615741","display_name":"Latrine","level":3,"score":0.9241516590118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97156103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072861","display_name":"Open defecation","level":3,"score":0.8719046115875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.7575949430465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6175243258476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5176897048950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6007834","display_name":"Improved sanitation","level":3,"score":0.482085257768631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.4361920952796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3810681700706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3735251724720001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2964654564857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2410784363746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.1290578842163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0680411159992218}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012499","descriptor_name":"Sanitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014038","descriptor_name":"Toilet Facilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463916302619/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83450999","display_name":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","issn_l":"1438-4639","issn":["1438-4639","1618-131X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4271757","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5414716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5414716","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5414716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Hyg Environ Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27825597","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27825597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:4654206","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/idcvtcla.html>;","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463916302619/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83450999","display_name":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","issn_l":"1438-4639","issn":["1438-4639","1618-131X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307856","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2531793289.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2531793289.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66778559","https://openalex.org/W103799216","https://openalex.org/W1487617506","https://openalex.org/W1510058412","https://openalex.org/W1537901847","https://openalex.org/W1584398169","https://openalex.org/W1634714431","https://openalex.org/W1652742507","https://openalex.org/W1685152619","https://openalex.org/W1694986373","https://openalex.org/W1696760857","https://openalex.org/W1886142486","https://openalex.org/W1920658285","https://openalex.org/W1964748675","https://openalex.org/W1966377344","https://openalex.org/W1979626752","https://openalex.org/W1980524096","https://openalex.org/W1994497289","https://openalex.org/W1994763263","https://openalex.org/W2008154626","https://openalex.org/W2027766888","https://openalex.org/W2029102276","https://openalex.org/W2038947581","https://openalex.org/W2040555771","https://openalex.org/W2045339489","https://openalex.org/W2053816724","https://openalex.org/W2064879728","https://openalex.org/W2067796046","https://openalex.org/W2069271634","https://openalex.org/W2069487617","https://openalex.org/W2078036854","https://openalex.org/W2083722919","https://openalex.org/W2099184625","https://openalex.org/W2099300372","https://openalex.org/W2104675861","https://openalex.org/W2106140585","https://openalex.org/W2109346853","https://openalex.org/W2114957108","https://openalex.org/W2119427701","https://openalex.org/W2119579564","https://openalex.org/W2121051375","https://openalex.org/W2124016534","https://openalex.org/W2127858034","https://openalex.org/W2129290984","https://openalex.org/W2138726652","https://openalex.org/W2140865863","https://openalex.org/W2143080676","https://openalex.org/W2145795323","https://openalex.org/W2146073843","https://openalex.org/W2150466787","https://openalex.org/W2151506147","https://openalex.org/W2156189694","https://openalex.org/W2156545710","https://openalex.org/W2161052301","https://openalex.org/W2165346453","https://openalex.org/W2171276150","https://openalex.org/W2174536905","https://openalex.org/W2189117806","https://openalex.org/W2259638031","https://openalex.org/W2271871724","https://openalex.org/W2299355380","https://openalex.org/W2312413167","https://openalex.org/W2316721774","https://openalex.org/W2344281091","https://openalex.org/W2412247133","https://openalex.org/W2525093632","https://openalex.org/W2529305140","https://openalex.org/W2588681363","https://openalex.org/W2620594344","https://openalex.org/W2887812982","https://openalex.org/W2916841405","https://openalex.org/W2993001375","https://openalex.org/W3122854855","https://openalex.org/W3125335653","https://openalex.org/W4239250480","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4394758778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3130140569","https://openalex.org/W7095247955","https://openalex.org/W2067796046","https://openalex.org/W6958361674","https://openalex.org/W6902226208","https://openalex.org/W6902000206","https://openalex.org/W4253564961","https://openalex.org/W4394561426","https://openalex.org/W4288701865","https://openalex.org/W2603133483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"An":[1],"estimated":[2],"2.4":[3],"billion":[4],"people":[5],"still":[6,15],"lack":[7],"access":[8,276,336],"to":[9,27,42,63,83,236,331],"improved":[10],"sanitation":[11,32,49,68,92,187,198,225,255,286,299,318,321,335],"and":[12,35,50,60,73,80,88,118,195,227,251,257,273,310,320,325,342],"946":[13],"million":[14],"practice":[16],"open":[17,340],"defecation.":[18],"The":[19,137,224],"World":[20],"Health":[21],"Organization":[22],"(WHO)":[23],"commissioned":[24],"this":[25],"review":[26],"assess":[28],"the":[29,58,126,141,148,215,247],"impact":[30,70,305,323],"of":[31,39,46,91,101,254,315],"on":[33,48,114,211,306],"coverage":[34,72,117,130,146,309,324],"use,":[36,214,283],"as":[37],"part":[38],"its":[40],"effort":[41],"develop":[43],"a":[44,120,303],"set":[45],"guidelines":[47],"health.":[51,345],"METHODS":[52],"AND":[53],"FINDINGS:":[54],"We":[55,75,241],"systematically":[56],"reviewed":[57],"literature":[59],"used":[61],"meta-analysis":[62],"quantitatively":[64],"characterize":[65],"how":[66,85,316],"different":[67,86,317],"interventions":[69,161,169,181,189,199,226,300,322],"latrine":[71,97,116,159,167,213,308],"use.":[74,98,259,292,311],"also":[76,171],"assessed":[77],"both":[78],"qualitative":[79],"quantitative":[81],"studies":[82,103,111,208,244,261],"understand":[84],"structural":[87,250],"design":[89,252],"characteristics":[90,253,319],"are":[93],"associated":[94,280,289],"with":[95,123,140,281,290],"individual":[96],"A":[99,312],"total":[100,197],"64":[102],"met":[104],"our":[105],"eligibility":[106],"criteria.":[107],"Of":[108,205],"27":[109],"intervention":[110,138,207],"that":[112,170,209,245,263,297],"reported":[113,210,262],"household":[115,212],"provided":[119],"point":[121],"estimate":[122],"confidence":[124],"interval,":[125],"average":[127,216],"increase":[128,217],"in":[129,145,229,329],"was":[131,218],"14%":[132],"(95%":[133,220],"CI:":[134,156,164,177,184,192,202,221],"10%,":[135],"19%).":[136],"types":[139],"largest":[142],"absolute":[143],"increases":[144],"included":[147],"Indian":[149],"government's":[150],"\"Total":[151],"Sanitation":[152],"Campaign\"":[153],"(27%;":[154],"95%":[155,163,176,183,191,201],"14%,":[157],"39%),":[158],"subsidy/provision":[160,168],"(16%;":[162],"8%,":[165],"24%),":[166],"incorporated":[172],"education":[173,188],"components":[174],"(17%;":[175],"-5%,":[178],"38%),":[179],"sewerage":[180],"(14%;":[182,190],"1%,":[185],"28%),":[186],"3%,":[193],"26%),":[194],"community-led":[196],"(12%;":[200],"-2%,":[203],"27%).":[204],"10":[206],"13%":[219],"4%,":[222],"21%).":[223],"contexts":[228],"which":[230],"they":[231],"were":[232,277,288],"implemented":[233],"varied,":[234],"leading":[235],"high":[237],"heterogeneity":[238],"across":[239],"studies.":[240],"found":[242],"24":[243],"examined":[246],"association":[248],"between":[249],"facilities":[256],"facility":[258,268],"These":[260],"better":[264,274],"maintenance,":[265],"accessibility,":[266],"privacy,":[267],"type,":[269],"cleanliness,":[270],"newer":[271],"latrines,":[272],"hygiene":[275],"all":[278],"frequently":[279],"higher":[282],"whereas":[284],"poorer":[285],"conditions":[287],"lower":[291],"CONCLUSIONS:":[293],"Our":[294],"results":[295],"indicate":[296],"most":[298],"only":[301],"had":[302],"modest":[304],"increasing":[307],"further":[313],"understanding":[314],"use":[326],"is":[327],"essential":[328],"order":[330],"more":[332],"effectively":[333],"attain":[334],"for":[337],"all,":[338],"eliminate":[339],"defecation,":[341],"ultimately":[343],"improve":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-10-21T00:00:00"}
