{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2531727748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","title":"Timed Strategy for Control of Bollworm for Sustainable Sorghum Crop Yield under Varied Regimes of Rainfall, Temperature and Soil Fertility","display_name":"Timed Strategy for Control of Bollworm for Sustainable Sorghum Crop Yield under Varied Regimes of Rainfall, Temperature and Soil Fertility","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2531727748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","mag":"2531727748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/sar/article/download/60992/34175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402494","display_name":"Sustainable Agriculture Research","issn_l":"1927-050X","issn":["1927-050X","1927-0518"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Agriculture Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/sar/article/download/60992/34175","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036412952","display_name":"Daniel L. Mutisya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-7706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-7706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098278","display_name":"Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/00wawdr98","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098278"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel L Mutisya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Box 340. 90100 . Machakos","Kalro-Katumani. P. O. Box 340. 90100. Machakos"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Box 340. 90100 . Machakos","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kalro-Katumani. P. O. Box 340. 90100. Machakos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111890725","display_name":"Canute P. M. Khamala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Canute PM Khamala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nairobi. P. O. Box 30197. 00100. Nairobi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nairobi. P. O. Box 30197. 00100. Nairobi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110664755","display_name":"Jacob James Julius Ochieng\u2019 Konyango","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-3023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-3023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802891092","display_name":"Machakos University","ror":"https://ror.org/05eyrmk93","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802891092"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob JO Konyango","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machakos University College. P. O. Box 136. 90100. Machakos"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machakos University College. P. O. Box 136. 90100. Machakos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802891092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053703517","display_name":"C. K. Kamau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098278","display_name":"Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/00wawdr98","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098278"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clement K Kamau","raw_affiliation_strings":["340 . 90100 . Machakos ","Kalro-Katumani. P. O. Box 340. 90100. Machakos"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"340 . 90100 . Machakos ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kalro-Katumani. P. O. Box 340. 90100. Machakos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049025749","display_name":"Lawrence K Matolo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802891092","display_name":"Machakos University","ror":"https://ror.org/05eyrmk93","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802891092"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence K Matolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machakos University College. P. O. Box 136. 90100. Machakos"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machakos University College. P. O. Box 136. 90100. Machakos","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802891092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036412952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098278"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"71","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13125","display_name":"Agricultural pest management studies","score":0.014600000344216824,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum","display_name":"sorghum","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helicoverpa-armigera","display_name":"Helicoverpa armigera","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bollworm-control","display_name":"bollworm control","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum-grain-yield","display_name":"sorghum grain yield","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall","display_name":"rainfall","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature","display_name":"temperature","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"soil fertility","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-viability","display_name":"seed viability","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-loss","display_name":"yield loss","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778157034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12111","display_name":"Sorghum","level":2,"score":0.9041885137557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7389233708381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5155068039894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4916113018989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776712339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811652","display_name":"Helicoverpa armigera","level":3,"score":0.4892110824584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4165090024471283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0777847170829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.059495002031326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177756618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6527674","display_name":"Lepidoptera genitalia","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/sar/article/download/60992/34175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402494","display_name":"Sustainable Agriculture Research","issn_l":"1927-050X","issn":["1927-050X","1927-0518"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Agriculture Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:ccsesa:265124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/265124/files/P9-p71-80.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/265124/files/P9-p71-80.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:265124","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/265124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/265124","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.265124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.265124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.265124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/sar/article/download/60992/34175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402494","display_name":"Sustainable Agriculture Research","issn_l":"1927-050X","issn":["1927-050X","1927-0518"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Agriculture Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4713999927043915,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314708","display_name":"Government of the Republic of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1hhg18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2531727748.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2531727748.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21054777","https://openalex.org/W106640880","https://openalex.org/W239754048","https://openalex.org/W1508522555","https://openalex.org/W1518985618","https://openalex.org/W1967194441","https://openalex.org/W1968963110","https://openalex.org/W1988786662","https://openalex.org/W1989213978","https://openalex.org/W1989290902","https://openalex.org/W1999713640","https://openalex.org/W1999763430","https://openalex.org/W2010751289","https://openalex.org/W2015273195","https://openalex.org/W2018458583","https://openalex.org/W2028039728","https://openalex.org/W2031070816","https://openalex.org/W2037290158","https://openalex.org/W2040674908","https://openalex.org/W2043738638","https://openalex.org/W2074031956","https://openalex.org/W2075851847","https://openalex.org/W2083276793","https://openalex.org/W2095897461","https://openalex.org/W2098242890","https://openalex.org/W2110712313","https://openalex.org/W2117768136","https://openalex.org/W2121577239","https://openalex.org/W2129248841","https://openalex.org/W2148445773","https://openalex.org/W2172983170","https://openalex.org/W2217102585","https://openalex.org/W2286715943","https://openalex.org/W2944116199","https://openalex.org/W3133942151","https://openalex.org/W4237047341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009221549","https://openalex.org/W4390447065","https://openalex.org/W2269491453","https://openalex.org/W2002262324","https://openalex.org/W2551090053","https://openalex.org/W2912551098","https://openalex.org/W2070260413","https://openalex.org/W2576280129","https://openalex.org/W2328746487","https://openalex.org/W7100879889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0,14],"environmental":[1],"factors":[2],"influence":[3],"yield":[4,58,109,200],"of":[5,17,68,91,111,173,180,190,201],"sorghum":[6,32,40,56,174],"grain,":[7],"Sorghum":[8],"bicolor":[9],"(L)":[10],"in":[11],"Sub-Sahara":[12],"Africa.":[13],"production":[15],"conditions":[16],"rainfall":[18,44,186],"amount,":[19,45],"temperature":[20,47],"regimes,":[21],"soil":[22,49],"fertility":[23,50,184],"levels":[24,51],"and":[25,48,66,86,94,123,146,188],"bollworm":[26,191],"Helicoverpa":[27],"armigera":[28,100,138,165],"density":[29,101],"at":[30,59,63,83,119,141,169],"specific":[31],"grain":[33,41,57,89,106,117,128,151,175],"stage":[34,90,145,172],"were":[35,52,194],"evaluated":[36],"for":[37,88],"effect":[38],"to":[39,55,105,130,153,161,176],"yield.":[42,107],"High":[43,98],"high":[46],"positively":[53],"correlated":[54,104],"three":[60],"test":[61,82],"sites":[62],"Ithookwe,":[64],"Katumani":[65],"Kampi":[67,73],"eastern":[69],"Kenya.":[70],"The":[71,158],"warmest":[72],"site":[74],"achieved":[75],"the":[76,127,150,181],"highest":[77],"seed":[78],"viability":[79],"on":[80],"germination":[81],"43,":[84],"87":[85],"99%":[87],"light-green,":[92],"cream-dough":[93],"hard":[95,132,155],"dough,":[96],"respectively.":[97],"H.":[99,137,164],"was":[102,114,118,166],"inversely":[103],"Comparatively,":[108],"loss":[110],"<":[112],"10%":[113],"observed":[115],"when":[116],"early":[120,131,154],"soft":[121,143,170],"dough":[122,133,144,156,171],">":[124],"35%":[125],"as":[126,149,168],"ripened":[129,152],"stage.":[134,157],"Thus":[135,183],"initial":[136],"damage":[139,179],"occurred":[140],"late":[142],"increased":[147],"exponentially":[148],"right":[159],"time":[160,189],"spray":[162],"against":[163],"determined":[167],"prevent":[177],"economic":[178],"crop.":[182],"level,":[185],"amount":[187],"pest":[192],"attack":[193],"deemed":[195],"worth":[196],"considerations":[197],"towards":[198],"sustainable":[199],"sorghum.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-10-21T00:00:00"}
