{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2525750705","doi":null,"title":"Analysis of the basis for induction and maintenance of T cell responses in DNA vaccination.","display_name":"Analysis of the basis for induction and maintenance of T cell responses in DNA vaccination.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2525750705","mag":"2525750705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10120954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120954/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027660549","display_name":"Omid Akbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-9725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-9725","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6853-9884"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omid Akbari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-9725","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027660549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-vaccine","display_name":"DNA vaccine","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dendritic-cells","display_name":"dendritic cells","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-activation","display_name":"T cell activation","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complement-c5","display_name":"complement C5","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-lymph-nodes","display_name":"cervical lymph nodes","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keratinocytes","display_name":"keratinocytes","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgenic-mice","display_name":"transgenic mice","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.522591233253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167508917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578537","display_name":"DNA vaccination","level":4,"score":0.48718351125717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4579739272594452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.4420914351940155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4089176654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40340250730514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.39380043745040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.30649685859680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24408629536628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22744801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172778","display_name":"Plasmid","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10120954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10120954/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2525750705","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/theses/ETH/312898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":173,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26815851","https://openalex.org/W40843633","https://openalex.org/W50772066","https://openalex.org/W131233735","https://openalex.org/W155200475","https://openalex.org/W307150485","https://openalex.org/W1501518736","https://openalex.org/W1510470032","https://openalex.org/W1518310332","https://openalex.org/W1526039364","https://openalex.org/W1538000667","https://openalex.org/W1549471106","https://openalex.org/W1552227471","https://openalex.org/W1561591381","https://openalex.org/W1566165411","https://openalex.org/W1578793633","https://openalex.org/W1583694308","https://openalex.org/W1587765371","https://openalex.org/W1636901091","https://openalex.org/W1646740196","https://openalex.org/W1660413876","https://openalex.org/W1661544713","https://openalex.org/W1668547188","https://openalex.org/W1669165205","https://openalex.org/W1791948424","https://openalex.org/W1808202040","https://openalex.org/W1853022482","https://openalex.org/W1875140726","https://openalex.org/W1888921446","https://openalex.org/W1903942543","https://openalex.org/W1948375327","https://openalex.org/W1966374669","https://openalex.org/W1970193565","https://openalex.org/W1970205828","https://openalex.org/W1972354503","https://openalex.org/W1973591436","https://openalex.org/W1974210099","https://openalex.org/W1975992370","https://openalex.org/W1976299453","https://openalex.org/W1976905655","https://openalex.org/W1978408586","https://openalex.org/W1979956993","https://openalex.org/W1980621729","https://openalex.org/W1986497597","https://openalex.org/W1987540583","https://openalex.org/W1988497921","https://openalex.org/W1998065531","https://openalex.org/W1998240361","https://openalex.org/W1998724551","https://openalex.org/W2002654622","https://openalex.org/W2004288872","https://openalex.org/W2006080840","https://openalex.org/W2007153980","https://openalex.org/W2007533642","https://openalex.org/W2008744347","https://openalex.org/W2014495927","https://openalex.org/W2016057259","https://openalex.org/W2018416540","https://openalex.org/W2020455973","https://openalex.org/W2022331490","https://openalex.org/W2023809975","https://openalex.org/W2024332323","https://openalex.org/W2024557230","https://openalex.org/W2026891958","https://openalex.org/W2027095645","https://openalex.org/W2027238003","https://openalex.org/W2027609828","https://openalex.org/W2029836713","https://openalex.org/W2031011895","https://openalex.org/W2032618080","https://openalex.org/W2033365298","https://openalex.org/W2033541702","https://openalex.org/W2034104654","https://openalex.org/W2035339960","https://openalex.org/W2035644368","https://openalex.org/W2036368914","https://openalex.org/W2036867505","https://openalex.org/W2039475998","https://openalex.org/W2039664034","https://openalex.org/W2042470561","https://openalex.org/W2043955812","https://openalex.org/W2044163622","https://openalex.org/W2045245707","https://openalex.org/W2045841894","https://openalex.org/W2047366876","https://openalex.org/W2047852458","https://openalex.org/W2049379679","https://openalex.org/W2053071427","https://openalex.org/W2053719727","https://openalex.org/W2054023969","https://openalex.org/W2054678965","https://openalex.org/W2056318117","https://openalex.org/W2057237586","https://openalex.org/W2058796077","https://openalex.org/W2059483129","https://openalex.org/W2060405001","https://openalex.org/W2062860313","https://openalex.org/W2066657374","https://openalex.org/W2066844508","https://openalex.org/W2067871559","https://openalex.org/W2069703720","https://openalex.org/W2070426326","https://openalex.org/W2072245133","https://openalex.org/W2072756057","https://openalex.org/W2074529126","https://openalex.org/W2078004022","https://openalex.org/W2080310980","https://openalex.org/W2080956086","https://openalex.org/W2082487754","https://openalex.org/W2084555605","https://openalex.org/W2085550825","https://openalex.org/W2086209569","https://openalex.org/W2087106927","https://openalex.org/W2087395692","https://openalex.org/W2088663340","https://openalex.org/W2091670195","https://openalex.org/W2092128665","https://openalex.org/W2093284893","https://openalex.org/W2094223030","https://openalex.org/W2096152012","https://openalex.org/W2098157239","https://openalex.org/W2100200230","https://openalex.org/W2100838905","https://openalex.org/W2100851332","https://openalex.org/W2102551327","https://openalex.org/W2105916123","https://openalex.org/W2106826370","https://openalex.org/W2111083063","https://openalex.org/W2111275724","https://openalex.org/W2111441225","https://openalex.org/W2112814564","https://openalex.org/W2112936194","https://openalex.org/W2118735909","https://openalex.org/W2118908908","https://openalex.org/W2125504851","https://openalex.org/W2125650988","https://openalex.org/W2127803059","https://openalex.org/W2128321311","https://openalex.org/W2131761283","https://openalex.org/W2132042285","https://openalex.org/W2132541032","https://openalex.org/W2132568167","https://openalex.org/W2135272173","https://openalex.org/W2145464179","https://openalex.org/W2146086412","https://openalex.org/W2147077080","https://openalex.org/W2149939821","https://openalex.org/W2151296838","https://openalex.org/W2152213870","https://openalex.org/W2153803454","https://openalex.org/W2155229523","https://openalex.org/W2157833853","https://openalex.org/W2158500407","https://openalex.org/W2162543584","https://openalex.org/W2166243539","https://openalex.org/W2166676682","https://openalex.org/W2168122647","https://openalex.org/W2168400876","https://openalex.org/W2168589491","https://openalex.org/W2170834275","https://openalex.org/W2171173320","https://openalex.org/W2171986697","https://openalex.org/W2172393633","https://openalex.org/W2172413152","https://openalex.org/W2172466148","https://openalex.org/W2177327503","https://openalex.org/W2225751998","https://openalex.org/W2321636488","https://openalex.org/W2410709630","https://openalex.org/W2411893804","https://openalex.org/W2419622634","https://openalex.org/W2441057077","https://openalex.org/W4322345965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115912718","https://openalex.org/W7095877554","https://openalex.org/W1487655596","https://openalex.org/W2041805971","https://openalex.org/W2725712928","https://openalex.org/W2381395947","https://openalex.org/W2351398517","https://openalex.org/W2088430300","https://openalex.org/W2050182046","https://openalex.org/W2119553086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"is":[2,272],"aimed":[3],"at":[4],"finding":[5],"the":[6,39,46,54,59,98,102,114,121,130,169,197,275,331,353,357,397,400,404],"role":[7],"of":[8,15,36,45,49,58,74,79,85,90,120,125,146,172,184,210,222,226,235,252,306,326,344,359,399],"dendritic":[9,173,227,237,303,307,327],"cells":[10,174,199,228,308,328],"in":[11,162,168,191,200,220,261,274,312,330,368,371,376,396],"induction":[12],"and":[13,38,64,88,250,280,299,347,384],"maintenance":[14],"immune":[16,69,134],"responses":[17,70,154],"following":[18,71,117,140,166,179,212,256],"DNA":[19,25,99,118,141,180,213,217,257],"vaccination.":[20,142,214],"For":[21],"this":[22],"purpose,":[23],"two":[24],"vaccines":[26,52],"were":[27,93,110,335,407],"generated,":[28],"one":[29],"expressing":[30,41],"full":[31,103],"C5":[32,67,104,150,185,187,310,380,389],"cDNA":[33],"(fifth":[34],"complement":[35],"mice)":[37],"other":[40,198,405],"just":[42],"1.6":[43],"kb":[44],"5'":[47],"end":[48],"cDNA.":[50],"Both":[51],"express":[53],"epitope":[55],"for":[56,95,242,282,297,302,356],"recognition":[57],"A18":[60],"T":[61,132,152,244,253,269],"cell":[62,133,153,245,254,270],"hybridoma":[63],"both":[65,340],"induced":[66,321],"specific":[68,151,390],"i.m.":[72],"inoculation":[73,96,119],"A/J":[75],"mice.":[76],"Three":[77],"routes":[78,145],"entry":[80],"i.e.,":[81],"(i.m.),":[82],"abrasion":[83,89],"(Scarification)":[84],"leg":[86],"skin":[87,92],"ear":[91],"chosen":[94],"with":[97,155],"vaccine":[100],"encoding":[101],"protein.":[105],"Deep":[106],"cervical":[107,163,176,276],"lymph":[108,127,164,177,201,278,333],"nodes":[109,128,165,178,279,334],"found":[111],"to":[112,137,149,232,337,366,409],"be":[113,338],"best":[115],"targets":[116],"ear.":[122,170],"Kinetic":[123],"analysis":[124,343],"these":[126],"showed":[129,203],"highest":[131],"response":[135,159],"10":[136],"12":[138,295],"days":[139],"While":[143],"all":[144,236],"vaccination":[147,167,181,218,258],"led":[148,231],"time,":[156],"an":[157],"early":[158],"was":[160,188,259,266,290,320,364,382,386],"detected":[161,394],"Isolation":[171],"from":[175],"allowed":[182],"detection":[183],"expression.":[186,205],"actively":[189],"expressed":[190,311],"a":[192,223,262],"DC":[193],"enriched":[194],"population":[195],"while":[196,216,403],"node":[202],"no":[204],"That":[206],"suggested":[207],"direct":[208],"transfection":[209,221],"DCs":[211],"However,":[215],"resulted":[219],"small":[224],"proportion":[225],"only,":[229],"it":[230,385],"general":[233],"activation":[234,255,271],"cells,":[238,373],"providing":[239],"optimal":[240],"conditions":[241],"effective":[243],"activation.":[246],"The":[247],"sites,":[248],"kinetics":[249],"extent":[251],"investigated":[260],"transgenic":[263],"model.":[264],"It":[265],"demonstrated":[267],"that":[268,388],"initiated":[273],"draining":[277,332],"persisted":[281],"longer":[283],"than":[284,294],"40":[285],"weeks":[286,296,301],"although":[287],"antigen":[288],"expression":[289,346,370],"not":[291,315,375],"demonstrable":[292],"more":[293],"keratinocytes":[298,313],"2":[300],"cells.":[304],"Crosspriming":[305],"by":[309,322,341,348],"did":[314],"occur":[316],"unless":[317],"keratinocyte":[318],"death":[319],"irradiation.":[323],"About":[324],"2%":[325],"present":[329],"estimated":[336],"transfected,":[339],"confocal":[342],"GFP":[345],"functional":[349],"titration":[350],"assay.":[351],"Notably,":[352],"construct":[354,381,402],"used":[355],"series":[358],"experiment":[360],"described":[361],"so":[362],"far":[363],"shown":[365,387],"result":[367],"intra-cellular":[369],"mammalian":[372],"but":[374],"secretion.":[377],"A":[378],"secretory":[379,401],"constructed":[383],"antibodies":[391],"have":[392],"been":[393],"only":[395],"case":[398],"constructs":[406],"unable":[408],"generate":[410],"any":[411],"antibodies.":[412]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-10-07T00:00:00"}