{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2522845154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","title":"Public health expenditure and health system responsiveness for low-income individuals: results from 63 countries","display_name":"Public health expenditure and health system responsiveness for low-income individuals: results from 63 countries","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2522845154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","mag":"2522845154","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27651279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/heapol/czw127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/32/3/314/10986782/czw127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155125020","display_name":"Health Policy and Planning","issn_l":"0268-1080","issn":["0268-1080","1460-2237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/32/3/314/10986782/czw127.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076240914","display_name":"Chetna Malhotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-0525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-0525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chetna Malhotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lien Centre for Palliative Care , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore ,","Program in Health Services and Systems Research , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lien Centre for Palliative Care , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program in Health Services and Systems Research , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059122446","display_name":"Young Kyung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5024-8264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5024-8264","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-4904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young Kyung Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corresponding author. Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corresponding author. Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059122446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":2423,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5108,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85785269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"czw127","last_page":"czw127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14186","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Practices","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-expenditure","display_name":"public health expenditure","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-system-responsiveness","display_name":"health system responsiveness","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-equity","display_name":"socioeconomic equity","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-individuals","display_name":"low-income adults","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-disparities","display_name":"health care disparities","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-care","display_name":"outpatient care","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-dignity","display_name":"patient dignity","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-choice","display_name":"patient choice","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-information","display_name":"patient information","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"confidentiality","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-care","display_name":"quality of care","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-health-survey","display_name":"World Health Survey","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-per-capita","display_name":"GDP per capita","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5937707424163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.5612443685531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.53926682472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67257552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635217","display_name":"Probit model","level":2,"score":0.47120043635368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.44917744398117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.42211678624153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3701862692832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33671581745147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3336959481239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2624872028827667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.17701905965805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003431","descriptor_name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014943","descriptor_name":"Global Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/heapol/czw127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/32/3/314/10986782/czw127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155125020","display_name":"Health Policy and Planning","issn_l":"0268-1080","issn":["0268-1080","1460-2237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27651279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27651279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health policy and planning","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/heapol/czw127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw127","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/32/3/314/10986782/czw127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155125020","display_name":"Health Policy and Planning","issn_l":"0268-1080","issn":["0268-1080","1460-2237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.446399986743927,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316262","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2522845154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2522845154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513425316","https://openalex.org/W1522165052","https://openalex.org/W1964402493","https://openalex.org/W1990974971","https://openalex.org/W2008824695","https://openalex.org/W2012024804","https://openalex.org/W2020061452","https://openalex.org/W2022062479","https://openalex.org/W2029675614","https://openalex.org/W2054513190","https://openalex.org/W2097747602","https://openalex.org/W2109589065","https://openalex.org/W2118023522","https://openalex.org/W2123375712","https://openalex.org/W2129786971","https://openalex.org/W2130922548","https://openalex.org/W2133012824","https://openalex.org/W2138045764","https://openalex.org/W2157801673","https://openalex.org/W2162391545","https://openalex.org/W2166485006","https://openalex.org/W2286573063","https://openalex.org/W2615307102","https://openalex.org/W3124097040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252224773","https://openalex.org/W4234426528","https://openalex.org/W4235543692","https://openalex.org/W2097747602","https://openalex.org/W7099748606","https://openalex.org/W2166485006","https://openalex.org/W4394726983","https://openalex.org/W183509675","https://openalex.org/W2040080335","https://openalex.org/W2126237106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improvement":[0],"in":[1,17,30,65,116,189,215],"overall":[2],"responsiveness":[3,18,31,58,66,78,115,176,190,204,216],"to":[4,140],"people's":[5],"expectations":[6],"is":[7,19,24],"an":[8],"important":[9],"goal":[10],"for":[11,59,125,129,153,177,208],"any":[12],"health":[13,38,50,54,206],"system;":[14],"socioeconomic":[15,28],"equity":[16],"equally":[20],"important.":[21],"However,":[22],"it":[23],"not":[25],"known":[26],"if":[27],"disparities":[29,188,214],"can":[32],"be":[33],"reduced":[34],"through":[35,132],"greater":[36],"public":[37,49],"expenditures.":[39],"This":[40],"article":[41],"assesses":[42],"the":[43,46,63,68,110,120,142,181,192,203,209,218],"relationship":[44],"of":[45,48,85,90,93,112,173,205],"proportion":[47],"expenditure":[51,55],"over":[52],"total":[53],"(PPHE)":[56],"with":[57,169,185],"poorest":[60,71,121,182,195,210,221],"individuals":[61,124,211],"and":[62,70,88,122,150,184,194,212,220],"difference":[64],"between":[67,144,191,217],"richest":[69,123,193,219],"individuals.":[72,196,222],"We":[73],"used":[74,139],"data":[75,100],"from":[76,96,101,147],"six":[77],"dimensions":[79],"(prompt":[80],"attention,":[81],"dignity,":[82],"choice,":[83],"clarity":[84],"information,":[86],"confidentiality":[87],"quality":[89],"basic":[91],"amenities)":[92],"outpatient":[94],"services":[95,207],"World":[97],"Health":[98],"Survey":[99],"63":[102],"countries.":[103],"Hierarchical":[104],"Ordered":[105],"Probit":[106],"(HOPIT)":[107],"models":[108,136,149],"assessed":[109],"probability":[111,172],"'very":[113,174],"good'":[114,175],"each":[117,126,178],"domain":[118,179],"among":[119,180],"country,":[127],"correcting":[128],"reporting":[130],"heterogeneity":[131],"vignettes.":[133],"Linear":[134],"regression":[135],"were":[137],"then":[138],"assess":[141],"association":[143],"predicted":[145],"probabilities":[146],"HOPIT":[148],"PPHE,":[151],"adjusting":[152],"(log)":[154],"Gross":[155],"Domestic":[156],"Product":[157],"per":[158],"capita.":[159],"The":[160],"study":[161],"findings":[162],"showed":[163],"that":[164],"higher":[165,171],"PPHE":[166,200],"was":[167],"associated":[168],"a":[170],"individuals,":[183],"smaller":[186],"pro-rich":[187],"In":[197],"conclusion,":[198],"increasing":[199],"may":[201],"improve":[202],"reduce":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-09-30T00:00:00"}
