{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2522334264","doi":null,"title":"Synthesis of pH-responsive polymers via RAFT polymerization and their use for preparation of pH-responsive MRI contrast agents","display_name":"Synthesis of pH-responsive polymers via RAFT polymerization and their use for preparation of pH-responsive MRI contrast agents","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2522334264","mag":"2522334264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mountainscholar.org:11124/17071","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402292","display_name":"Digital Collections of Colorado (Colorado State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","host_organization_name":"Colorado State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748869","display_name":"Li Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-6536","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-6536","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-6456","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-8514"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-6536","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100748869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15720902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10405","display_name":"Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization","score":0.8173999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10405","display_name":"Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization","score":0.8173999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11279","display_name":"Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes","score":0.1647000014781952,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-sensitive-polymers","display_name":"pH-responsive polymers","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raft-polymerization","display_name":"RAFT polymerization","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mri-contrast-agents","display_name":"MRI contrast agents","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gadolinium-nanoparticles","display_name":"gadolinium nanoparticles","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-copolymers","display_name":"block copolymers","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerization-kinetics","display_name":"polymerization kinetics","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxivity","display_name":"relaxivity","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-extracellular-ph","display_name":"tumor extracellular pH","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-diagnosis","display_name":"cancer diagnosis","score":0.38100001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9132879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17100313","display_name":"Raft","level":4,"score":0.8254578709602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132050475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736232","display_name":"Methacrylate","level":4,"score":0.6791905164718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121120078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737603","display_name":"Chain transfer","level":5,"score":0.668685257434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.667198896408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34594497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639983","display_name":"Reversible addition\u2212fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization","level":5,"score":0.6406347751617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5651227235794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777516009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194207","display_name":"Ethylene glycol","level":2,"score":0.5218828320503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5021181106567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.4941416084766388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4225667715072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3812962770462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111998727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2620998","display_name":"Radical polymerization","level":4,"score":0.2943688631057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.22604900598526}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:mountainscholar.org:11124/17071","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402292","display_name":"Digital Collections of Colorado (Colorado State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","host_organization_name":"Colorado State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2522334264","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mountainscholar.org/handle/11124/17071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":189,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22971147","https://openalex.org/W176618252","https://openalex.org/W1510447712","https://openalex.org/W1538783545","https://openalex.org/W1577200064","https://openalex.org/W1822457975","https://openalex.org/W1956944003","https://openalex.org/W1967551950","https://openalex.org/W1967985930","https://openalex.org/W1968014301","https://openalex.org/W1968632872","https://openalex.org/W1970035922","https://openalex.org/W1970109501","https://openalex.org/W1970590134","https://openalex.org/W1971033460","https://openalex.org/W1972154409","https://openalex.org/W1974486143","https://openalex.org/W1975746685","https://openalex.org/W1976316353","https://openalex.org/W1977496576","https://openalex.org/W1978872559","https://openalex.org/W1981078401","https://openalex.org/W1981402817","https://openalex.org/W1982843233","https://openalex.org/W1983147028","https://openalex.org/W1983185605","https://openalex.org/W1984966861","https://openalex.org/W1985305470","https://openalex.org/W1985625200","https://openalex.org/W1986601289","https://openalex.org/W1987975095","https://openalex.org/W1988754328","https://openalex.org/W1989389248","https://openalex.org/W1991689498","https://openalex.org/W1992710364","https://openalex.org/W1992800232","https://openalex.org/W1993638883","https://openalex.org/W1994621108","https://openalex.org/W1994941022","https://openalex.org/W1995071576","https://openalex.org/W1995252958","https://openalex.org/W1995748522","https://openalex.org/W1995948163","https://openalex.org/W1996092639","https://openalex.org/W1998318614","https://openalex.org/W1999547279","https://openalex.org/W1999889302","https://openalex.org/W2002007707","https://openalex.org/W2003110605","https://openalex.org/W2003133257","https://openalex.org/W2003238045","https://openalex.org/W2003434172","https://openalex.org/W2005572726","https://openalex.org/W2008057526","https://openalex.org/W2009174913","https://openalex.org/W2010047685","https://openalex.org/W2010901846","https://openalex.org/W2012331414","https://openalex.org/W2012937953","https://openalex.org/W2015532583","https://openalex.org/W2015602694","https://openalex.org/W2015842349","https://openalex.org/W2017488547","https://openalex.org/W2021285469","https://openalex.org/W2022597672","https://openalex.org/W2023387446","https://openalex.org/W2023826479","https://openalex.org/W2024409869","https://openalex.org/W2024510610","https://openalex.org/W2024854192","https://openalex.org/W2026100316","https://openalex.org/W2026787525","https://openalex.org/W2028702203","https://openalex.org/W2029313327","https://openalex.org/W2029432014","https://openalex.org/W2030841219","https://openalex.org/W2031397866","https://openalex.org/W2033116451","https://openalex.org/W2033503179","https://openalex.org/W2033793518","https://openalex.org/W2033998567","https://openalex.org/W2034664032","https://openalex.org/W2039086633","https://openalex.org/W2040209721","https://openalex.org/W2040851802","https://openalex.org/W2041997907","https://openalex.org/W2042359340","https://openalex.org/W2042573217","https://openalex.org/W2044499660","https://openalex.org/W2044957933","https://openalex.org/W2045218643","https://openalex.org/W2046065045","https://openalex.org/W2048571562","https://openalex.org/W2049899870","https://openalex.org/W2051128922","https://openalex.org/W2051223263","https://openalex.org/W2051708290","https://openalex.org/W2052301068","https://openalex.org/W2053564324","https://openalex.org/W2054917280","https://openalex.org/W2055393399","https://openalex.org/W2055489693","https://openalex.org/W2055831669","https://openalex.org/W2056321700","https://openalex.org/W2057185918","https://openalex.org/W2061014013","https://openalex.org/W2061716234","https://openalex.org/W2061948232","https://openalex.org/W2063896202","https://openalex.org/W2064468792","https://openalex.org/W2064576236","https://openalex.org/W2066393913","https://openalex.org/W2066493102","https://openalex.org/W2068288643","https://openalex.org/W2068581015","https://openalex.org/W2068834229","https://openalex.org/W2068858353","https://openalex.org/W2070609818","https://openalex.org/W2072952339","https://openalex.org/W2073950866","https://openalex.org/W2077215512","https://openalex.org/W2077737208","https://openalex.org/W2078212421","https://openalex.org/W2078738272","https://openalex.org/W2080234362","https://openalex.org/W2082902103","https://openalex.org/W2083658719","https://openalex.org/W2085153421","https://openalex.org/W2086840760","https://openalex.org/W2087020662","https://openalex.org/W2088741522","https://openalex.org/W2088871016","https://openalex.org/W2089760671","https://openalex.org/W2090520288","https://openalex.org/W2090568310","https://openalex.org/W2091120300","https://openalex.org/W2092168785","https://openalex.org/W2092319622","https://openalex.org/W2094895854","https://openalex.org/W2096015679","https://openalex.org/W2096209753","https://openalex.org/W2096293149","https://openalex.org/W2098234405","https://openalex.org/W2101902313","https://openalex.org/W2102178540","https://openalex.org/W2104719948","https://openalex.org/W2107991409","https://openalex.org/W2108166331","https://openalex.org/W2114215211","https://openalex.org/W2115910867","https://openalex.org/W2116312058","https://openalex.org/W2116364594","https://openalex.org/W2116696774","https://openalex.org/W2116878814","https://openalex.org/W2117464883","https://openalex.org/W2117714648","https://openalex.org/W2119507443","https://openalex.org/W2121107057","https://openalex.org/W2127955898","https://openalex.org/W2129485338","https://openalex.org/W2133793934","https://openalex.org/W2134726513","https://openalex.org/W2134956630","https://openalex.org/W2140466915","https://openalex.org/W2143765685","https://openalex.org/W2143896522","https://openalex.org/W2144118351","https://openalex.org/W2144122182","https://openalex.org/W2144813546","https://openalex.org/W2146894143","https://openalex.org/W2147389542","https://openalex.org/W2150133100","https://openalex.org/W2150184000","https://openalex.org/W2157008842","https://openalex.org/W2157183362","https://openalex.org/W2158718961","https://openalex.org/W2163055639","https://openalex.org/W2164338355","https://openalex.org/W2165884308","https://openalex.org/W2166310563","https://openalex.org/W2167539127","https://openalex.org/W2167932888","https://openalex.org/W2168967171","https://openalex.org/W2171118412","https://openalex.org/W2192861754","https://openalex.org/W2324224141","https://openalex.org/W2326215609","https://openalex.org/W2918167177","https://openalex.org/W2950428398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2345747617","https://openalex.org/W2061014013","https://openalex.org/W2039695780","https://openalex.org/W2164016984","https://openalex.org/W2112020728","https://openalex.org/W3198560104","https://openalex.org/W2380546574","https://openalex.org/W2099006774","https://openalex.org/W2098011636","https://openalex.org/W2904688021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"recent":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,19,54,88,105,109,138,148,301,349],"the":[4,12,20,25,48,82,110,143,215,258,287,291,296,299,310,321,330,350],"understanding":[5],"of":[6,17,24,29,73,84,147,154,218,223,257,269,298,352],"fundamental":[7],"cancer":[8,10,31,37,89],"biology,":[9],"remains":[11],"second":[13],"most":[14],"common":[15],"cause":[16],"death":[18],"United":[21],"States.":[22],"One":[23],"primary":[26],"factors":[27],"indicative":[28],"high":[30,64],"morbidity":[32],"and":[33,35,58,71,79,91,124,145,193,201,213,234],"mortality":[34],"aggressive":[36],"phenotypes":[38],"is":[39,72],"tumors":[40],"with":[41,159,204],"a":[42,251,336],"low":[43],"extracellular":[44],"pH":[45,293,302],"(pHe).":[46],"Thus,":[47],"ability":[49,100],"to":[50,76,98,101,107,140,164,197,245,253,265,308,327,334],"measure":[51],"tumor":[52],"pHe":[53,150],"vivo":[55,149],"using":[56],"non-invasive":[57],"accurate":[59],"techniques":[60],"that":[61,134,320],"also":[62,227,305],"provide":[63],"spatiotemporal":[65],"resolution":[66],"has":[67,93,228,304],"become":[68],"increasingly":[69],"important":[70],"great":[74],"interest":[75],"both":[77,142],"researchers":[78],"clinicians.":[80],"Recently,":[81],"use":[83,280,312],"pH-responsive":[85,116,122,155,221,270,322],"polymer":[86,271],"systems":[87],"diagnostics":[90,348],"treatment":[92,351],"received":[94],"considerable":[95],"attention":[96],"due":[97],"their":[99,199],"undergo":[102],"conformational":[103],"changes":[104,108,137,289],"response":[106],"environmental":[111,292,315],"pH.":[112,316],"We":[113],"have":[114,166,241],"developed":[115],"nanoscale":[117],"contrast":[118,338],"agents":[119,209],"based":[120,127,184],"on":[121],"polymers":[123,158,323],"gadolinium":[125],"(Gd)":[126],"nanoparticles":[128,248,274,332],"for":[129,278,340,346],"magnetic":[130],"resonance":[131],"imaging":[132],"(MRI)":[133],"demonstrate":[135],"large":[136],"relaxivity":[139,288],"improve":[141],"selectivity":[144],"sensitivity":[146],"measurement.":[151],"A":[152],"series":[153],"biocompatible":[156],"block":[157,202,225],"pKa":[160,232],"ranging":[161],"from":[162],"5.0":[163],"7.0":[165],"been":[167,229,243,306],"synthesized":[168],"via":[169,210,250,285],"reversible":[170],"addition-fragmentation":[171],"chain":[172],"transfer":[173],"(RAFT)":[174],"polymerization.":[175],"In":[176],"this":[177],"research,":[178],"we":[179],"chose":[180],"three":[181],"tertiary":[182],"amine":[183],"methacrylates,":[185],"including":[186],"2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl":[187],"methacrylate":[188,191,195],"(DPAEMA),":[189],"2-(dibutylamino)ethyl":[190],"(DBAEMA),":[192],"2-(piperidino)ethyl":[194],"(PPDEMA),":[196],"prepare":[198,335],"homopolymers":[200],"copolymers":[203,226,240],"poly(ethylene":[205],"glycol)":[206],"(PEG)":[207],"maro-RAFT":[208],"RAFT":[211],"polymerizations":[212],"studied":[214,230,307],"polymerization":[216],"kinetics":[217],"both.":[219],"The":[220,267,317],"properties":[222],"these":[224],"through":[231],"titration":[233],"calculation,":[235],"dynamic":[236],"light":[237],"scattering.":[238],"These":[239],"then":[242,276],"used":[244,326],"modify":[246,329],"Gd-based":[247],"(GdNPs)":[249],"grafting":[252],"method":[254],"after":[255],"reduction":[256],"thiocarbonylthio":[259],"end":[260],"groups":[261],"under":[262,313],"basic":[263],"conditions":[264],"thiolates.":[266],"perfomance":[268],"modified":[272],"Gd":[273,331],"was":[275],"evaluated":[277],"potential":[279,311],"as":[281],"smart":[282,337],"MRI":[283],"CAs":[284],"monitoring":[286],"upon":[290],"changing.":[294],"Furthermore,":[295],"stability":[297],"GdNPs":[300],"solutions":[303],"ensure":[309],"different":[314],"results":[318],"suggested":[319],"can":[324],"be":[325],"effectively":[328],"surface":[333],"agent":[339],"MRI,":[341],"which":[342],"will":[343],"potentially":[344],"allow":[345],"enhanced":[347],"cancer.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-09-30T00:00:00"}