{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2521366679","doi":null,"title":"Hydrothermal Liquefaction of High-Water Content Biomass and Waste Materials for the Production of Biogas and Bio-Crude Oil","display_name":"Hydrothermal Liquefaction of High-Water Content Biomass and Waste Materials for the Production of Biogas and Bio-Crude Oil","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2521366679","mag":"2521366679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-5625","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4069","pdf_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/d62557ab-dcdd-47f3-9e57-80848320dc85/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/d62557ab-dcdd-47f3-9e57-80848320dc85/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042341883","display_name":"Laleh Nazari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-5788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-5788"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laleh Nazari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042341883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.29100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10171","display_name":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-liquefaction","display_name":"hydrothermal liquefaction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-sludge","display_name":"wastewater sludge","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogas-production","display_name":"biogas production","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-crude-oil","display_name":"bio-crude oil","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-digestion","display_name":"anaerobic digestion","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sludge-pretreatment","display_name":"sludge pretreatment","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sludge-dewatering","display_name":"sludge dewatering","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-oil-yield","display_name":"bio-oil yield","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions reduction","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779276218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16878117","display_name":"Hydrothermal liquefaction","level":3,"score":0.8577065467834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.699725329875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75212476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076","display_name":"Biogas","level":2,"score":0.6632200479507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.6569899320602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6118631362915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.516200602054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.48146191239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191859794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180208","display_name":"Liquefaction","level":2,"score":0.46221962571144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4470394551753998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156622251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036221","display_name":"Hydrothermal circulation","level":2,"score":0.411994993686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.40082287788391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20800399780273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18061280250549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.13739395141601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08900529146194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-5625","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4069","pdf_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/d62557ab-dcdd-47f3-9e57-80848320dc85/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/34107","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/34107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:2521366679","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5625&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-5625","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4069","pdf_url":"https://uwo.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/d62557ab-dcdd-47f3-9e57-80848320dc85/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312189","display_name":"BioFuelNet Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03gnqg065"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314607","display_name":"Government of Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/015pzp858"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2521366679.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2521366679.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43558565","https://openalex.org/W1267894554","https://openalex.org/W1963537307","https://openalex.org/W1966352010","https://openalex.org/W1974600324","https://openalex.org/W1976636383","https://openalex.org/W1978671584","https://openalex.org/W1982989021","https://openalex.org/W1984120201","https://openalex.org/W1984400128","https://openalex.org/W1991429268","https://openalex.org/W1995821769","https://openalex.org/W1999925686","https://openalex.org/W2007646191","https://openalex.org/W2009575231","https://openalex.org/W2026026235","https://openalex.org/W2032465623","https://openalex.org/W2034834533","https://openalex.org/W2051607445","https://openalex.org/W2070157171","https://openalex.org/W2085590766","https://openalex.org/W2091338781","https://openalex.org/W2126487391","https://openalex.org/W2141733031","https://openalex.org/W2395828393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6946040660","https://openalex.org/W2889980549","https://openalex.org/W6908801843","https://openalex.org/W4416119757","https://openalex.org/W2991110636","https://openalex.org/W6886041641","https://openalex.org/W4382051632","https://openalex.org/W4385976742","https://openalex.org/W4413092715","https://openalex.org/W4281843567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Growing":[0],"interest":[1],"in":[2,114,120,130,215],"renewable":[3,28],"energies":[4],"due":[5],"to":[6,18,52,149,240,269,293,297,308],"shrinking":[7],"reserves":[8],"of":[9,57,64,67,84,117,123,179,185,202,248,254,279,290,304],"fossil":[10],"fuels":[11,25],"and":[12,23,34,40,86,119,140,221,257,307,313],"climate":[13],"change":[14],"concerns":[15],"have":[16],"led":[17],"extensive":[19],"research":[20],"towards":[21],"gaseous":[22],"liquid":[24],"production":[26,161,332],"from":[27,38,73,89,277,318],"energy":[29,74,157,199],"resources":[30],"such":[31,43,165,273],"as":[32,44,125,166,233,251,274,326],"biomass":[33,151,181,292],"wastes.":[35],"Energy":[36],"generation":[37],"municipal":[39],"industrial":[41],"wastes":[42],"wastewater":[45,91,280],"sludge":[46,92,108,187,194,206,234,250,281],"is":[47,98,102,173],"also":[48],"environmental":[49],"friendly":[50],"way":[51],"deal":[53],"with":[54,60,287,301],"large":[55],"volume":[56],"waste":[58,204],"disposal":[59],"the":[61,68,115,121,126,147,183,192,242,249,255,305,310,319],"additional":[62],"advantage":[63],"eliminating":[65],"part":[66],"indirect":[69],"greenhouse":[70],"gas":[71],"emissions":[72],"crops-derived":[75],"biofuels.\\nIn":[76],"this":[77],"thesis,":[78],"a":[79,103,155,174,203,216,222,252,298,327],"novel":[80],"process":[81,105,321],"for":[82,159,177,260,330],"co-production":[83],"biogas":[85,261,331],"bio-crude":[87,275],"oil":[88,276],"high-water-content":[90,180],"through":[93,333],"hydrothermal":[94,171],"liquefaction":[95,101,172],"(HTL)":[96],"treatments":[97],"developed.":[99],"Hydrothermal":[100],"thermochemical":[104],"where":[106],"raw":[107],"can":[109,153],"be":[110,154],"heat":[111],"treated":[112,208],"directly":[113],"absence":[116],"oxygen":[118],"presence":[122],"water":[124,285],"reaction":[127],"medium":[128],"mostly":[129],"subcritical":[131],"or":[132,168],"near":[133],"critical":[134],"conditions":[135],"(T":[136],"<":[137,142],"374":[138],"oC":[139],"P":[141],"22.1":[143],"MPa).":[144],"This":[145],"eliminates":[146],"need":[148,184],"dewater/dry":[150],"which":[152],"major":[156],"input":[158],"biofuel":[160],"via":[162],"other":[163],"processes":[164],"pyrolysis":[167],"gasification.":[169],"Since":[170],"promising":[175],"technology":[176],"conversion":[178],"without":[182],"costly":[186],"dewatering,":[188],"it":[189],"could":[190],"replace":[191],"conventional":[193],"treatment":[195,230,265],"by":[196,209],"making":[197],"valuable":[198],"products":[200,272],"out":[201],"material.\\nWastewater":[205],"was":[207,231,267,324],"two":[210],"scenarios,":[211],"operating":[212],"at":[213],"temperatures":[214],"lower":[217],"range":[218,224],"(40-80":[219],"oC)":[220],"higher":[223,299],"(200-350":[225],"oC),":[226],"respectively.":[227],"The":[228,263,315],"low-temperature":[229],"considered":[232],"pre-treatment":[235,256],"before":[236],"anaerobic":[237,334],"digestion,":[238],"aiming":[239],"examine":[241],"possible":[243],"relationship":[244],"between":[245],"increased":[246],"solubilisation":[247],"result":[253],"its":[258],"digestibility":[259],"production.":[262],"high-temperature":[264,320],"scenario":[266],"performed":[268],"produce":[270],"value-added":[271],"co-processing":[278],"(more":[282],"than":[283],"90%":[284],"content)":[286],"another":[288],"type":[289],"lignocellulosic":[291],"adjust":[294],"substrate":[295],"concentration":[296],"level":[300],"better":[302],"economics":[303],"process,":[306],"increase":[309],"bio-oil":[311],"yield":[312],"quality.":[314],"main":[316],"by-product":[317],"(water-soluble":[322],"product)":[323],"used":[325],"potential":[328],"feedstock":[329],"digestion.":[335]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2016-09-30T00:00:00"}