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The author thanks Lorenzo Gradoni, and the anonymous referees and editors of the Journal of International Criminal Justice for their comments on previous drafts of this essay; I am also grateful to Marcella Distefano, Marco Roscini and Yoshifumi Tanaka for having discussed with me the subject of this article. The usual disclaimers apply. Websites cited were last accessed on 26 March 2016, when the article was completed. All the official documents of the International Criminal Court are available online at www.icc-cpi.int . 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