{"id":"https://openalex.org/W25134262","doi":null,"title":"The nature of grammar, its role in language and its evolutionary origins","display_name":"The nature of grammar, its role in language and its evolutionary origins","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W25134262","mag":"25134262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:roar.uel.ac.uk:3401","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3401/1/2007_Ph.D_Edwardes.pdf","pdf_url":"http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3401/1/2007_Ph.D_Edwardes.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401301","display_name":"UEL Research Repository (University of East London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","host_organization_name":"University of East London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/27456","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039644615","display_name":"Martin Edwardes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Edwardes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039644615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.6880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.6880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.2808000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13156","display_name":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"grammar","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-language","display_name":"origin of language","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-linguistics","display_name":"functional linguistics","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exaptation","display_name":"exaptation","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protolanguage","display_name":"protolanguage","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"semantics","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"phonology","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetics","display_name":"phonetics","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-universals","display_name":"phonological universals","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.765381932258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777096784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3826351","display_name":"Referent","level":2,"score":0.681069016456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6471787095069885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5694164037704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.514228343963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4674347937107086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4419387876987457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42948147654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28989285230636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:roar.uel.ac.uk:3401","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3401/1/2007_Ph.D_Edwardes.pdf","pdf_url":"http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3401/1/2007_Ph.D_Edwardes.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401301","display_name":"UEL Research Repository (University of East London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","host_organization_name":"University of East London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:27456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/27456","pdf_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/27456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/948656","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/948656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uel.ac.uk:86666","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uel.ac.uk/item/86666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401301","display_name":"UEL Research Repository (University of East London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","host_organization_name":"University of East London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"phd"},{"id":"mag:25134262","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3401/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:27456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/27456","pdf_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/27456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W25134262.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W25134262.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":241,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10263030","https://openalex.org/W67621922","https://openalex.org/W86985337","https://openalex.org/W87274109","https://openalex.org/W93666210","https://openalex.org/W153824479","https://openalex.org/W168776331","https://openalex.org/W169437038","https://openalex.org/W359232693","https://openalex.org/W563258106","https://openalex.org/W575916870","https://openalex.org/W582491088","https://openalex.org/W587010976","https://openalex.org/W592671136","https://openalex.org/W614382142","https://openalex.org/W620153984","https://openalex.org/W635418893","https://openalex.org/W657019558","https://openalex.org/W1033537707","https://openalex.org/W1479965673","https://openalex.org/W1482318138","https://openalex.org/W1482804769","https://openalex.org/W1482901957","https://openalex.org/W1487119959","https://openalex.org/W1487861877","https://openalex.org/W1489897455","https://openalex.org/W1490659641","https://openalex.org/W1494605676","https://openalex.org/W1496715154","https://openalex.org/W1502101714","https://openalex.org/W1503008859","https://openalex.org/W1507317479","https://openalex.org/W1511511681","https://openalex.org/W1514703808","https://openalex.org/W1516142451","https://openalex.org/W1516278484","https://openalex.org/W1517483343","https://openalex.org/W1530413014","https://openalex.org/W1530804687","https://openalex.org/W1533312593","https://openalex.org/W1537906896","https://openalex.org/W1539587067","https://openalex.org/W1542566156","https://openalex.org/W1543820092","https://openalex.org/W1549399254","https://openalex.org/W1551467417","https://openalex.org/W1552487967","https://openalex.org/W1559010669","https://openalex.org/W1562523479","https://openalex.org/W1563925795","https://openalex.org/W1564922533","https://openalex.org/W1570189195","https://openalex.org/W1574047653","https://openalex.org/W1574305344","https://openalex.org/W1576632330","https://openalex.org/W1578207334","https://openalex.org/W1579934207","https://openalex.org/W1582090716","https://openalex.org/W1584697775","https://openalex.org/W1586256734","https://openalex.org/W1590634632","https://openalex.org/W1591994846","https://openalex.org/W1596678433","https://openalex.org/W1601336606","https://openalex.org/W1604779867","https://openalex.org/W1606649754","https://openalex.org/W1646488162","https://openalex.org/W1687743765","https://openalex.org/W1691207050","https://openalex.org/W1714490037","https://openalex.org/W1732736211","https://openalex.org/W1841071978","https://openalex.org/W1863670715","https://openalex.org/W1923337479","https://openalex.org/W1936263242","https://openalex.org/W1956540070","https://openalex.org/W1965012847","https://openalex.org/W1968059654","https://openalex.org/W1969787028","https://openalex.org/W1973705510","https://openalex.org/W1974951252","https://openalex.org/W1976518595","https://openalex.org/W1977823399","https://openalex.org/W1979808416","https://openalex.org/W1982736213","https://openalex.org/W1984690265","https://openalex.org/W1984957038","https://openalex.org/W1986300897","https://openalex.org/W1988702139","https://openalex.org/W1991360887","https://openalex.org/W1991430546","https://openalex.org/W1991656699","https://openalex.org/W1993750641","https://openalex.org/W1995250508","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W1996584537","https://openalex.org/W1996672843","https://openalex.org/W1997177761","https://openalex.org/W1999582886","https://openalex.org/W1999898757","https://openalex.org/W2001299649","https://openalex.org/W2001303262","https://openalex.org/W2003612898","https://openalex.org/W2003726438","https://openalex.org/W2004671056","https://openalex.org/W2009481751","https://openalex.org/W2010478315","https://openalex.org/W2016738977","https://openalex.org/W2018203936","https://openalex.org/W2019413183","https://openalex.org/W2022589417","https://openalex.org/W2023449565","https://openalex.org/W2024641627","https://openalex.org/W2026714999","https://openalex.org/W2028707866","https://openalex.org/W2034433329","https://openalex.org/W2035791902","https://openalex.org/W2035921609","https://openalex.org/W2038584209","https://openalex.org/W2039010464","https://openalex.org/W2039704093","https://openalex.org/W2039775001","https://openalex.org/W2043367906","https://openalex.org/W2043810668","https://openalex.org/W2045001730","https://openalex.org/W2045490466","https://openalex.org/W2046078144","https://openalex.org/W2046385208","https://openalex.org/W2050148567","https://openalex.org/W2050202121","https://openalex.org/W2050305129","https://openalex.org/W2051319378","https://openalex.org/W2052417512","https://openalex.org/W2052925281","https://openalex.org/W2055460448","https://openalex.org/W2055768247","https://openalex.org/W2059031304","https://openalex.org/W2061248998","https://openalex.org/W2063792498","https://openalex.org/W2064144330","https://openalex.org/W2064236890","https://openalex.org/W2066261007","https://openalex.org/W2066307562","https://openalex.org/W2066416118","https://openalex.org/W2068398720","https://openalex.org/W2074893837","https://openalex.org/W2075309044","https://openalex.org/W2077596732","https://openalex.org/W2078140548","https://openalex.org/W2079164242","https://openalex.org/W2082238466","https://openalex.org/W2082940081","https://openalex.org/W2084744479","https://openalex.org/W2085102629","https://openalex.org/W2086166831","https://openalex.org/W2089380116","https://openalex.org/W2095150796","https://openalex.org/W2098520883","https://openalex.org/W2107817235","https://openalex.org/W2108903209","https://openalex.org/W2109592461","https://openalex.org/W2113668716","https://openalex.org/W2114181979","https://openalex.org/W2114340103","https://openalex.org/W2115968838","https://openalex.org/W2115992100","https://openalex.org/W2116008334","https://openalex.org/W2117634030","https://openalex.org/W2119467040","https://openalex.org/W2125364437","https://openalex.org/W2126912336","https://openalex.org/W2127458740","https://openalex.org/W2129135549","https://openalex.org/W2130041324","https://openalex.org/W2131816706","https://openalex.org/W2132200584","https://openalex.org/W2133735566","https://openalex.org/W2134831400","https://openalex.org/W2135377516","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2136126926","https://openalex.org/W2137321978","https://openalex.org/W2137955727","https://openalex.org/W2140935977","https://openalex.org/W2142358938","https://openalex.org/W2145210228","https://openalex.org/W2148300948","https://openalex.org/W2149676521","https://openalex.org/W2150737844","https://openalex.org/W2151519196","https://openalex.org/W2161883093","https://openalex.org/W2162587370","https://openalex.org/W2165545766","https://openalex.org/W2167030552","https://openalex.org/W2168488947","https://openalex.org/W2170716495","https://openalex.org/W2171301064","https://openalex.org/W2172003157","https://openalex.org/W2183664127","https://openalex.org/W2185234126","https://openalex.org/W2194929257","https://openalex.org/W2198206231","https://openalex.org/W2214426920","https://openalex.org/W2247983802","https://openalex.org/W2275037286","https://openalex.org/W2289224297","https://openalex.org/W2313338631","https://openalex.org/W2318609320","https://openalex.org/W2321167759","https://openalex.org/W2322966702","https://openalex.org/W2323589573","https://openalex.org/W2324952169","https://openalex.org/W2325090742","https://openalex.org/W2329040514","https://openalex.org/W2333893391","https://openalex.org/W2465478531","https://openalex.org/W2500228199","https://openalex.org/W2502683889","https://openalex.org/W2502944069","https://openalex.org/W2505786619","https://openalex.org/W2624262714","https://openalex.org/W2773178158","https://openalex.org/W2790019262","https://openalex.org/W2799225205","https://openalex.org/W2903040413","https://openalex.org/W2903840467","https://openalex.org/W2905356468","https://openalex.org/W2917119673","https://openalex.org/W3022774623","https://openalex.org/W3030631146","https://openalex.org/W3039210294","https://openalex.org/W3126645797","https://openalex.org/W3127042134","https://openalex.org/W3127214336","https://openalex.org/W3137991289","https://openalex.org/W3143509469","https://openalex.org/W3143571072","https://openalex.org/W4206904809","https://openalex.org/W4211208977","https://openalex.org/W4292993176","https://openalex.org/W4388351614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406066451","https://openalex.org/W7095862795","https://openalex.org/W4407700766","https://openalex.org/W1489032555","https://openalex.org/W7155559821","https://openalex.org/W2493168291","https://openalex.org/W1519809494","https://openalex.org/W27281439","https://openalex.org/W1547103390","https://openalex.org/W2475138678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grammar":[0],"is":[1,9,26,36,53,113,140,149,166,210,217,225,262,358,404,442,452,478,481,487,534,547,557,562,602,610,644,654,681,698],"more":[2],"than":[3,361],"just":[4],"order":[5],"and":[6,86,136,146,164,271,317,334,375,384,458,506,513,517,523,545,577,633,651,717,757],"hierarchy;":[7],"it":[8,52,318,477,601,745],"a":[10,99,117,189,245,371,436,484,489,494,595,626,704,747],"way":[11],"of":[12,29,39,50,58,65,84,89,106,111,207,240,253,336,343,355,367,373,393,450,466,496,529,538,553,583,591,641,670,678,685,703,720,727,759],"expressing":[13],"complex":[14],"multidimensional":[15],"schemas":[16,25],"in":[17,129,159,174,204,258,315,416,439,475,483,564,625,638,683,701,740],"one":[18],"dimension.":[19],"The":[20,138,177,195,378,447,499],"need":[21,94,168,386],"to":[22,60,95,171,181,198,220,228,286,292,298,305,350,387,396,550,571,607,617,695,724,750],"communicate":[23],"these":[24,340],"the":[27,37,48,56,87,104,121,127,143,147,152,175,184,202,205,215,221,223,229,250,254,260,264,268,276,280,287,293,300,332,352,364,391,427,455,460,502,508,511,514,518,521,524,535,548,554,569,575,579,589,605,615,619,639,645,656,665,676,689,711,718,725,738,752,760],"concern":[28,38],"language,":[30,51,163],"but":[31,213,426,493,585,688],"how":[32,586],"they":[33,385],"are":[34,132,157,289,345,381,395,412,635],"communicated":[35],"grammar.":[40,337,730],"Because":[41],"grammar":[42,59,90,344,394,640,679],"does":[43,235],"not":[44,92,488,736],"necessarily":[45,93],"rely":[46],"on":[47,244,279,531],"preexistence":[49],"possible":[54],"for":[55,80,169,713,755],"elements":[57,73],"be":[61,76,96,172,199,320,388,397,572],"prototyped":[62],"as":[63,78,98,116,124,299,348],"features":[64],"other":[66,109,580],"mental":[67],"systems":[68],"before":[69],"language":[70,85,107,440,451,470,485,671,697,729,743],"appears.":[71],"These":[72,155,283],"can":[74,324,432,587,621],"then":[75],"exapted":[77],"needed":[79],"language.":[81],"So\\nthe":[82],"genesis":[83,88],"do":[91,325],"considered":[97],"single":[100,190,232,490],"process.\\n\\nIn":[101],"this":[102,208,307,417,464,560,599],"dissertation,":[103],"continuity":[105],"with":[108,363,664],"forms":[110,414,467],"signalling":[112],"reviewed.":[114],"Language":[115],"communicative":[118],"act":[119],"has":[120,180,278,661],"same":[122],"structure":[123,333],"nonhuman":[125,178,402,445],"signalling:":[126],"components":[128],"both":[130,236,331,631],"cases":[131],"sender,":[133,222],"receiver,":[134,507],"message":[135,486,512,522],"referent.":[137],"sender":[139,255,505],"always":[141,150],"me,":[142],"first":[144],"person,":[145],"receiver":[148,203,265],"you,":[151],"second":[153],"person.":[154,302],"roles":[156,431],"invariant":[158],"all":[160,290],"signalling,":[161,241,403],"including":[162],"there":[165,411],"no":[167],"them":[170],"explicit":[173],"signal.":[176],"signal":[179,209,288],"express":[182],"only":[183,219,227,322,622,699],"referent":[185,216],"or":[186],"context":[187,257],"-":[188],"unsegmented":[191,233],"call":[192,234,261,269,277],"will":[193],"suffice.":[194],"specific":[196],"action":[197,224],"undertaken":[200],"by":[201,454,459],"presence":[206],"also":[211,328,471],"implicit,":[212],"where":[214],"significant":[218,226],"receiver.":[230],"A":[231],"jobs":[237],"simultaneously.\\n\\nThis":[238],"view":[239,537],"however,":[242,311,383],"relies":[243],"disinterested":[246,294],"viewpoint.":[247],"It":[248,556],"incorporates":[249],"individual":[251],"views":[252],"(the":[256,266,274],"which":[259,660,741],"made),":[263],"reaction":[267],"produces)":[270],"the\\nthird":[272],"party":[273],"effect":[275],"third":[281],"party).":[282],"three":[284,532,666],"approaches":[285,380],"available":[291],"observer,":[295],"here":[296],"referred":[297],"fourth":[301],"Being":[303],"able":[304],"adopt":[306],"fourth-person":[308],"viewpoint":[309],"is,":[310],"something":[312],"very":[313],"unusual":[314],"nature,":[316],"may":[319],"that":[321,410,429,441,463,476,559,604,647,675],"humans":[323,544],"it.\\n\\nThis":[326],"dissertation":[327,600,673],"looks":[329],"at":[330],"process":[335,365],"In":[338,598],"linguistics":[339,357,407],"two":[341,379],"aspects":[342],"often":[346],"seen":[347],"difficult":[349],"reconcile:":[351],"structural":[353],"approach":[354],"Formalist":[356,406],"contrasted,":[359],"rather":[360],"combined,":[362],"descriptions":[366],"Functionalist":[368,536],"linguistics,":[369],"producing":[370],"separation":[372],"methodologies":[374],"even":[376],"philosophies.":[377],"complementary,":[382],"combined":[389],"if":[390],"origins":[392],"fully":[398],"understood.\\n\\nLanguage,":[399],"unlike":[400],"most":[401],"segmented.":[405],"shows":[408],"us":[409],"distinct":[413],"involved":[415],"segmentation":[418],"(Noun":[419],"Phrase,":[420,422,424],"Verb":[421],"Prepositional":[423],"etc);":[425],"fact":[428],"some":[430],"contain":[433],"others":[434,609],"creates":[435,710],"recursive":[437,461],"hierarchy":[438,465],"missing":[443],"from":[444,473,691],"signalling.":[446],"segmented":[448],"nature":[449],"dictated":[453],"various":[456],"forms,":[457],"capacity":[462,570],"needs.":[468],"However,":[469,731],"differs":[472],"nonhuman\\nsignalling":[474],"multistratal:":[479],"what":[480],"passed":[482],"unambiguous":[491],"value":[492],"set":[495],"interrelated":[497],"meanings.":[498],"meanings":[500],"involve":[501],"relation":[503,509,519],"between":[504,510,520,543],"coding":[515],"structure,":[516],"conceptualised":[525],"world.":[526],"This":[527],"transfer":[528],"meaning":[530],"levels":[533],"language.\\n\\nAn":[539],"important":[540],"cognitive":[541],"difference":[542],"nonhumans":[546],"ability":[549,561,606,616],"make":[551],"models":[552],"self.":[555],"shown":[558,603],"problematic":[563],"evolutionary":[565],"terms.":[566],"Self-modelling":[567],"requires":[568],"dispassionate":[573],"about":[574,624],"self":[576,620],"see":[578],"party's":[581],"point":[582],"view;":[584],"accommodating":[588],"needs":[590],"reproductive":[592],"rivals":[593],"become":[594],"successful":[596],"strategy?":[597],"model":[608,618],"probably":[611],"quite":[612],"ancient,":[613],"while":[614],"come":[623],"cooperative":[627],"linguistic":[628],"environment.":[629],"Yet":[630],"self-modelling":[632],"other-modelling":[634],"deeply":[636],"implicated":[637],"language:":[642],"modelling":[643,709],"mechanism":[646],"powers":[648],"social":[649,652,686,693,708,715,721,732,761],"calculus,":[650,687,716],"calculus":[653,694,722,733],"behind":[655],"two-argument":[657],"instigator-action-recipient":[658],"form":[659,669,726],"clear":[662],"relationships":[663],"argument":[667],"instigator-action-recipient-context":[668],"grammar.\\n\\nThe":[672],"proposes":[674],"development":[677],"structures":[680],"explicable":[682,700],"terms":[684,702],"transition":[690],"internal":[692],"external":[696],"cultural":[705,748],"revolution.":[706],"Enhanced":[707],"conditions":[712,754],"advanced":[714],"syntax":[719],"corresponds":[723],"simple":[728],"alone":[734],"did":[735],"create":[737,751],"environment":[739],"syntactic":[742],"appeared;":[744],"required":[746],"revolution":[749],"necessary":[753],"co-operation":[756],"sharing":[758],"calculus.":[762]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}