{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2511540372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","title":"A critical review of the Delphi technique","display_name":"A critical review of the Delphi technique","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2511540372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","mag":"2511540372","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27285530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44486964","display_name":"Nurse Researcher","issn_l":"1351-5578","issn":["1351-5578","2047-8992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321297","host_organization_name":"Royal College of Nursing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321297"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal College of Nursing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nurse Researcher","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069137668","display_name":"Ruth Beretta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Beretta","raw_affiliation_strings":["De Montfort University, Leicester","Senior Lecturer in Nursing, De Montfort University, Leicester"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"De Montfort University, Leicester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer in Nursing, De Montfort University, Leicester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069137668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6102,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":180,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96484689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"79","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12443","display_name":"Delphi Technique in Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12443","display_name":"Delphi Technique in Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delphi-method","display_name":"Delphi method","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-opinion","display_name":"expert opinion","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-building","display_name":"consensus building","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-decision-making","display_name":"group decision making","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.8160831928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779495148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487378","display_name":"Delphi","level":2,"score":0.7766257524490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.713150143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5046695470809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.47335028648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779821442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41633","display_name":"Apollo","level":2,"score":0.44883862137794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38465815782546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.35542941093444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.34610694646835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24027284979820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19752439856529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.18329477310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13715913891792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.11864814162254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.3.4.79.s8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44486964","display_name":"Nurse Researcher","issn_l":"1351-5578","issn":["1351-5578","2047-8992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321297","host_organization_name":"Royal College of Nursing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321297"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal College of Nursing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nurse Researcher","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27285530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27285530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nurse researcher","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999347043","https://openalex.org/W1970879215","https://openalex.org/W4252310934","https://openalex.org/W7162443483","https://openalex.org/W7046748558","https://openalex.org/W2469897582","https://openalex.org/W3026401238","https://openalex.org/W3122554607","https://openalex.org/W2322745033","https://openalex.org/W2991239942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Delphi":[1],"technique":[2],"takes":[3],"its":[4],"name":[5],"from":[6,47],"the":[7,24,39,64,78,84,87],"Greek":[8],"god":[9],"Apollo":[10],"Pythias":[11],"who,":[12],"as":[13],"master":[14],"of":[15,44,50,62,86],"Delphi,":[16],"was":[17],"renowned":[18],"for":[19,38],"his":[20],"ability":[21],"to":[22,69,73,94],"predict":[23],"future.":[25],"It":[26,57],"has":[27],"been":[28],"defined":[29],"by":[30],"Reid":[31],"(":[32,90],"1":[33],")":[34],"as:":[35],"'A":[36],"method":[37],"systematic":[40],"collection":[41],"and":[42,77],"aggregation":[43],"informed":[45],"judgements":[46],"a":[48,60,71,74],"group":[49],"experts":[51],"on":[52],"specific":[53],"questions":[54],"or":[55],"issues.'":[56],"is":[58,102],"essentially":[59],"series":[61],"questionnaires;":[63],"first":[65],"questionnaire":[66,89],"sets":[67],"out":[68],"gain":[70],"response":[72],"broad":[75],"subject":[76],"subsequent":[79],"questionnaires":[80,96],"are":[81],"built":[82],"upon":[83],"responses":[85],"preceding":[88],"2":[91],").":[92],"Three":[93],"five":[95],"may":[97],"be":[98],"required":[99],"before":[100],"consensus":[101],"reached.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-09-16T00:00:00"}
