{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2508906378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","title":"A review of visceral leishmaniasis during the conflict in South Sudan and the consequences for East African countries","display_name":"A review of visceral leishmaniasis during the conflict in South Sudan and the consequences for East African countries","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2508906378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","mag":"2508906378","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27549162","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4994383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","pdf_url":"https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80413395","display_name":"Parasites & Vectors","issn_l":"1756-3305","issn":["1756-3305"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites & Vectors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026313866","display_name":"Waleed S. Al-Salem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127754","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030atj633","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Al-Salem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. waleed-alsalem@hotmail.com","Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. waleed-alsalem@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069575430","display_name":"Jennifer R. Herricks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer R. Herricks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087704375","display_name":"Peter Jay Hotez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-1042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-1042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147586","display_name":"Texas Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cz92x43","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149307","display_name":"Sabin Vaccine Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/042te9f59","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Hotez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA","Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147586","https://openalex.org/I4210149307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026313866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":1.8266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":137,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8680203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"460","last_page":"460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visceral-leishmaniasis","display_name":"visceral leishmaniasis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania-donovani","display_name":"Leishmania donovani","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phlebotomus-orientalis","display_name":"Phlebotomus orientalis","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-conflict","display_name":"civil conflict","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-migration","display_name":"forced migration","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugees","display_name":"refugees","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-sudan","display_name":"South Sudan","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-africa","display_name":"East Africa","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-kala-azar-dermal-leishmaniasis","display_name":"post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-insecurity","display_name":"food insecurity","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-diagnosis-and-treatment","display_name":"access to diagnosis and treatment","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-transmission","display_name":"disease transmission","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778358470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897387","display_name":"Unrest","level":3,"score":0.847223162651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2046113","display_name":"Visceral leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.7633684873580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.6517114639282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4996035099029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.49516192078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4606783986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781333301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950752","display_name":"Leishmania donovani","level":4,"score":0.4549647271633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779761457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1709478","display_name":"Phlebotomus","level":4,"score":0.4285741150379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775889376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7416192","display_name":"Sandfly","level":4,"score":0.41363582015037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.4023921489715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776555147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331283","display_name":"Leishmaniasis","level":2,"score":0.37388724088668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2303772270679474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2128598392009735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18423357605934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524818","display_name":"Leishmania","level":3,"score":0.1631302535533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.14597007632255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10636100172996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09698793292045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08179786801338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068037","descriptor_name":"South Sudan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073017","descriptor_name":"Refugee Camps","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007898","descriptor_name":"Leishmaniasis, Visceral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014857","descriptor_name":"Warfare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","pdf_url":"https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80413395","display_name":"Parasites & Vectors","issn_l":"1756-3305","issn":["1756-3305"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites & Vectors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3953987","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4994383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4994383","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4994383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasit Vectors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27549162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27549162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites & vectors","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.rice.edu:1911/91284","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401268","display_name":"Rice Research Repository (Rice University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","host_organization_name":"Rice University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.rice.edu:1911/92725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401268","display_name":"Rice Research Repository (Rice University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","host_organization_name":"Rice University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.rice.edu:1911/91284","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1911/91284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401268","display_name":"Rice Research Repository (Rice University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","host_organization_name":"Rice University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","pdf_url":"https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80413395","display_name":"Parasites & Vectors","issn_l":"1756-3305","issn":["1756-3305"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites & Vectors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310133","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2508906378.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2508906378.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W229108574","https://openalex.org/W275573236","https://openalex.org/W1489517126","https://openalex.org/W1495010815","https://openalex.org/W1686345002","https://openalex.org/W1836738156","https://openalex.org/W1848585049","https://openalex.org/W1899376107","https://openalex.org/W1944631314","https://openalex.org/W1959145249","https://openalex.org/W1967828232","https://openalex.org/W1970125008","https://openalex.org/W1970518561","https://openalex.org/W1970794803","https://openalex.org/W1982353608","https://openalex.org/W1983294679","https://openalex.org/W1986592654","https://openalex.org/W1986755167","https://openalex.org/W1987444627","https://openalex.org/W1991299349","https://openalex.org/W1995682138","https://openalex.org/W1996490283","https://openalex.org/W2011079283","https://openalex.org/W2015154311","https://openalex.org/W2015637956","https://openalex.org/W2015981361","https://openalex.org/W2018416228","https://openalex.org/W2019637595","https://openalex.org/W2020565116","https://openalex.org/W2022892516","https://openalex.org/W2029057112","https://openalex.org/W2029455497","https://openalex.org/W2030928151","https://openalex.org/W2045672321","https://openalex.org/W2045730389","https://openalex.org/W2049345670","https://openalex.org/W2050720345","https://openalex.org/W2058318327","https://openalex.org/W2061805164","https://openalex.org/W2065307213","https://openalex.org/W2069077979","https://openalex.org/W2069247542","https://openalex.org/W2071690243","https://openalex.org/W2074524013","https://openalex.org/W2084961717","https://openalex.org/W2086681909","https://openalex.org/W2094577398","https://openalex.org/W2100647906","https://openalex.org/W2103398514","https://openalex.org/W2104010071","https://openalex.org/W2107915297","https://openalex.org/W2112537006","https://openalex.org/W2113202773","https://openalex.org/W2113207955","https://openalex.org/W2115264402","https://openalex.org/W2121285568","https://openalex.org/W2121686923","https://openalex.org/W2121932349","https://openalex.org/W2124720468","https://openalex.org/W2128407296","https://openalex.org/W2136118868","https://openalex.org/W2139336041","https://openalex.org/W2139588481","https://openalex.org/W2142472354","https://openalex.org/W2144398988","https://openalex.org/W2144756920","https://openalex.org/W2146071280","https://openalex.org/W2146292123","https://openalex.org/W2146837358","https://openalex.org/W2147493494","https://openalex.org/W2148768749","https://openalex.org/W2149406807","https://openalex.org/W2152783248","https://openalex.org/W2153580402","https://openalex.org/W2155617046","https://openalex.org/W2156382913","https://openalex.org/W2166455137","https://openalex.org/W2168630917","https://openalex.org/W2312464306","https://openalex.org/W2327669276","https://openalex.org/W2398099780","https://openalex.org/W2399529917","https://openalex.org/W2400193198","https://openalex.org/W2410433957","https://openalex.org/W2411464405","https://openalex.org/W2412139605","https://openalex.org/W2416469988","https://openalex.org/W2437340606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360609533","https://openalex.org/W2916712654","https://openalex.org/W2025903791","https://openalex.org/W1881815217","https://openalex.org/W2069247542","https://openalex.org/W2032131567","https://openalex.org/W4292219749","https://openalex.org/W7099505713","https://openalex.org/W7097686598","https://openalex.org/W64919728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Visceral":[1],"leishmaniasis":[2,299],"(VL),":[3],"caused":[4],"predominantly":[5],"by":[6,11,58],"Leishmania":[7,308],"donovani":[8],"and":[9,15,64,69,91,104,115,124,149,155,176,243,257,265,286,292],"transmitted":[10],"both":[12],"Phlebotomus":[13,16,44],"orientalis":[14,45],"martini,":[17],"is":[18,71,130],"highly":[19,223],"endemic":[20,224],"in":[21,40,47,77,133,153,158,178,194,200,209,274],"East":[22,78,275],"Africa":[23],"where":[24,43],"approximately":[25],"30":[26],"thousands":[27],"VL":[28,76,89,182,244,277],"cases":[29,37,180,295],"are":[30,38],"reported":[31],"annually.":[32],"The":[33],"largest":[34],"numbers":[35],"of":[36,75,138,144,171,181,205,269,282,296,306],"found":[39],"Sudan":[41,190],"-":[42],"proliferate":[46],"Acacia":[48],"forests":[49],"especially":[50,131,167],"on":[51],"Sudan's":[52],"eastern":[53],"border":[54],"with":[55,168],"Ethiopia,":[56,61],"followed":[57],"South":[59,134,189,210],"Sudan,":[60,211],"Somalia,":[62],"Kenya":[63],"Uganda.":[65],"Long-standing":[66],"civil":[67,92,145,207,241],"war":[68,208],"unrest":[70,242],"a":[72,142,162,206,237],"dominant":[73],"determinant":[74],"African":[79],"countries.":[80,233],"Here":[81],"we":[82],"attempt":[83],"to":[84,118,221,231,248,262,284],"identify":[85],"the":[86,120,185,195,203],"correlation":[87,121],"between":[88,102,122,147,240],"epidemics":[90,157,245,278],"unrest.":[93],"OBJECTIVE":[94],"AND":[95],"METHODOLOGY:":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98],"review,":[99],"literature":[100],"published":[101],"1955":[103],"2016":[105],"have":[106,151,218,229],"been":[107],"gathered":[108],"from":[109,127],"MSF,":[110],"UNICEF,":[111],"OCHA,":[112],"UNHCR,":[113],"PubMed":[114],"Google":[116],"Scholar":[117],"analyse":[119],"conflict":[123],"human":[125],"suffering":[126],"VL,":[128,226],"which":[129,246],"apparent":[132],"Sudan.":[135,160],"FINDINGS:":[136],"Waves":[137],"forced":[139],"migration":[140],"as":[141,303],"consequence":[143],"wars":[146],"1983":[148],"2005":[150],"resulted":[152],"massive":[154],"lethal":[156],"southern":[159],"Following":[161],"comprehensive":[163],"peace":[164],"agreement,":[165],"but":[166],"increased":[169],"allocation":[170],"resources":[172],"for":[173,225],"disease":[174],"treatment":[175],"prevention":[177],"2011,":[179],"declined":[183],"reaching":[184],"lowest":[186],"levels":[187],"after":[188,202],"declared":[191],"independence.":[192],"However,":[193],"latest":[196],"epidemic":[197],"that":[198],"began":[199],"2014":[201],"onset":[204],"more":[212],"than":[213],"1.5":[214],"million":[215],"displaced":[216],"refugees":[217],"migrated":[219],"internally":[220],"states":[222],"while":[227],"800,000":[228],"fled":[230],"neighboring":[232],"CONCLUSION:":[234],"We":[235],"find":[236],"strong":[238],"relationship":[239],"tend":[247],"occur":[249],"among":[250],"immunologically":[251],"na\u00efve":[252],"migrants":[253],"entering":[254],"VL-endemic":[255],"areas":[256,264],"when":[258],"Leishmania-infected":[259],"individuals":[260],"migrate":[261],"new":[263],"establish":[266],"additional":[267],"foci":[268],"disease.":[270],"Further":[271],"complicating":[272],"factors":[273],"Africa's":[276],"include":[279],"severe":[280],"lack":[281],"access":[283],"diagnosis":[285],"treatment,":[287],"HIV/AIDS":[288],"co-infection,":[289],"food":[290],"insecurity":[291],"malnutrition.":[293],"Moreover,":[294],"post-kala-azar":[297],"dermal":[298],"(PKDL)":[300],"can":[301],"serve":[302],"important":[304],"reservoirs":[305],"anthroponotic":[307],"parasites.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-09-16T00:00:00"}