{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2505629641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","title":"PDP and Symbol Manipulation","display_name":"PDP and Symbol Manipulation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2505629641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","mag":"2505629641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463997","display_name":"The MIT Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Architecture of Cognition","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W174361228","display_name":"The Architecture of Cognition"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110126701","display_name":"Gary Marcus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary Marcus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110126701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25800836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.8564000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.8564000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-computation","display_name":"symbolic computation","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"connectionism","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-theory-of-mind","display_name":"computational theory of mind","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-token-distinction","display_name":"type-token distinction","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-representations","display_name":"structured representations","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"cognitive science","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.919145941734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.7875936627388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.593111515045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.420898973941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41584721207618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3511713743209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3498760759830475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.32362908124923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.28268250823020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1225670874118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.05872645974159241}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262027236.003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463997","display_name":"The MIT Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Architecture of Cognition","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2184677","https://openalex.org/W1588634839","https://openalex.org/W1982786963","https://openalex.org/W83569848","https://openalex.org/W2401521590","https://openalex.org/W37391811","https://openalex.org/W2125479813","https://openalex.org/W109870594","https://openalex.org/W972901562","https://openalex.org/W7099364924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,79,109,132],"the":[2,13,16,89],"most":[3],"fascinating":[4],"ideas":[5],"ever":[6],"to":[7,26,63,67,91,97,114,125,129],"emerge":[8],"from":[9,94],"cognitive":[10],"science":[11],"was":[12],"notion":[14],"that":[15,32,46,69,136],"mind,":[17],"unlike":[18],"digital":[19],"computers,":[20],"might":[21,58,123],"proceed":[22],"entirely":[23],"without":[24],"recourse":[25],"symbol-manipulation.":[27],"But":[28],"how":[29,128],"tenable":[30],"is":[31],"intriguing":[33],"idea,":[34],"25":[35],"years":[36],"later?":[37],"Fodor":[38],"and":[39,83,87,96,101,139],"Pylyshyn":[40],"challenged":[41],"it":[42],"immediately;":[43],"I":[44],"argue":[45],"so-called":[47],"\u201celiminative":[48],"connectionism\u201d":[49],"never":[50],"made":[51],"as":[52,55,146],"much":[53],"progress":[54],"its":[56],"authors":[57],"hope.":[59],"Instead,":[60],"there":[61],"continues":[62],"be":[64,124],"good":[65],"reason":[66],"believe":[68],"minds":[70],"have,":[71],"among":[72],"other":[73],"capacities,":[74],"a":[75,105],"neurally":[76],"realized":[77],"way":[78],"representing":[80],"symbols,":[81],"variables,":[82,86],"operations":[84],"over":[85],"have":[88,112],"resources":[90],"distinguish":[92],"types":[93],"tokens":[95],"represent":[98],"ordered":[99],"pairs":[100],"structured":[102],"units.":[103],"After":[104],"quarter":[106],"century,":[107],"advocates":[108],"eliminative":[110],"connectionism":[111],"yet":[113],"mount":[115],"an":[116],"adequate":[117],"alternative.":[118],"A":[119],"more":[120],"profitable":[121],"endeavor":[122],"figure":[126],"out":[127],"use":[130],"networks":[131],"neurons":[133],"in":[134],"systems":[135],"unify":[137],"symbols":[138],"statistics,":[140],"rather":[141],"than":[142],"needlessly":[143],"treating":[144],"them":[145],"antithetical.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
