{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2504994124","doi":null,"title":"Chronic Illness and Mental Health Underutilization in African-Americans: A Labeling Theory Perspective","display_name":"Chronic Illness and Mental Health Underutilization in African-Americans: A Labeling Theory Perspective","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2504994124","mag":"2504994124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.161.45.205.30:article/621","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/621","pdf_url":"http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407061878","display_name":"Scientia et Humanitas","issn_l":"2470-8127","issn":["2470-8127","2470-8178"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316360","host_organization_name":"Middle Tennessee State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316360"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Middle Tennessee State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientia et Humanitas; Vol 1 (2011); 83-91","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/621","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matthew Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-7907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-7907"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-7907","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"83","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-service-utilization","display_name":"mental health service utilization","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeling-theory","display_name":"labeling theory","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities-in-health-care","display_name":"racial disparities in health care","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-mental-health-care","display_name":"barriers to mental health care","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-stigma","display_name":"mental health stigma","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-integration","display_name":"social integration","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease","display_name":"chronic disease","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.7746073603630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5736655592918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.46135637164115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.4612919092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.45248204469680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.4522349238395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104977270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000306","display_name":"Race and health","level":4,"score":0.4429868757724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4396364688873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43414053320884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.4202326536178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39828646183013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3464415371417999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.33461666107177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2693156599998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.22802704572677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2208108901977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.20417776703834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.18478533625602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.161.45.205.30:article/621","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/621","pdf_url":"http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407061878","display_name":"Scientia et Humanitas","issn_l":"2470-8127","issn":["2470-8127","2470-8178"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316360","host_organization_name":"Middle Tennessee State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316360"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Middle Tennessee State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientia et Humanitas; Vol 1 (2011); 83-91","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2504994124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/download/621/567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.161.45.205.30:article/621","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/621","pdf_url":"http://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/scientia/article/view/621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407061878","display_name":"Scientia et Humanitas","issn_l":"2470-8127","issn":["2470-8127","2470-8178"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316360","host_organization_name":"Middle Tennessee State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316360"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Middle Tennessee State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientia et Humanitas; Vol 1 (2011); 83-91","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2504994124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2504994124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166934907","https://openalex.org/W1918881530","https://openalex.org/W1980441539","https://openalex.org/W1991898746","https://openalex.org/W2022768097","https://openalex.org/W2024439382","https://openalex.org/W2025836925","https://openalex.org/W2039044478","https://openalex.org/W2063071038","https://openalex.org/W2075685930","https://openalex.org/W2097223937","https://openalex.org/W2144088465","https://openalex.org/W2147725388","https://openalex.org/W2157216651","https://openalex.org/W2167798342","https://openalex.org/W2281901930","https://openalex.org/W3163198462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101188654","https://openalex.org/W3209030988","https://openalex.org/W2041121396","https://openalex.org/W1846083858","https://openalex.org/W2770019508","https://openalex.org/W3038610954","https://openalex.org/W3208457606","https://openalex.org/W3211006376","https://openalex.org/W7112024323","https://openalex.org/W7100558314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,97],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,19,28,53,113,172,175,192,203,209,227,243],"under-utilization":[4],"of":[5,35,55,68,86,94,115,144,156,171,179,185,205,211,229],"mental":[6,102,107,137,196],"health":[7,71,95,103,163,197,236,240],"services":[8],"amongst":[9],"African-Americans,":[10,60,201],"with":[11,31,168],"particular":[12],"emphasis":[13],"on":[14,66,273],"labeling":[15,218],"theory":[16,219],"in":[17,52,177,214,242,250,265],"defining":[18],"structural":[20],"origins":[21],"for":[22,46,73,101,258],"perceived":[23,193,231],"barriers":[24,82,194],"to":[25,42,61,83,111,152,195,248],"treatment.":[26],"In":[27],"United":[29],"States,":[30],"its":[32,133],"tragic":[33],"legacy":[34],"racially-based":[36],"oppression,":[37],"race":[38],"is":[39,88,98],"generally":[40],"understood":[41],"have":[43,62],"powerful":[44],"connotations":[45],"social":[47,212],"norms":[48],"andindividual":[49],"self-concept,":[50],"and":[51,181,208,216,246,252],"case":[54],"discriminated":[56],"minorities":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59,105,149,220],"broad":[63],"negative":[64,239],"effects":[65],"quality":[67],"life.":[69],"With":[70],"outcomes":[72,241],"African-Americans":[74],"already":[75],"poorer":[76],"than":[77,140],"their":[78],"white":[79],"counterparts,":[80],"reducing":[81],"all":[84],"forms":[85],"treatment":[87,114,198,237],"essential":[89],"toachieving":[90],"a":[91,150,153,221],"greater":[92],"level":[93],"parity.":[96],"especially":[99],"relevant":[100],"services,":[104],"comorbid":[106],"distress":[108],"can":[109,147],"serve":[110],"confound":[112],"physical":[116],"ailments,":[117],"most":[118],"notably":[119],"those":[120],"that":[121],"require":[122],"long":[123],"term":[124],"care":[125],"or":[126],"lifestyle":[127],"modification,":[128],"where":[129],"personal":[130],"agency":[131],"has":[132],"mostsignificant":[134],"impact.":[135],"Indeed,":[136],"health,":[138,146],"more":[139],"any":[141],"other":[142,269],"component":[143],"overall":[145],"act":[148],"gateway":[151],"broader":[154],"range":[155],"positive":[157],"life":[158],"choices,":[159],"thereby":[160],"facilitating":[161],"improved":[162],"lifestyles.":[164],"We":[165,188],"will":[166,189,225],"begin":[167],"an":[169],"overview":[170],"disparities":[173],"between":[174],"races":[176],"terms":[178],"utilization":[180,260],"outcomes,":[182],"including":[183],"rates":[184],"inpatient":[186],"care,":[187],"then":[190],"examine":[191,226],"experienced":[199],"by":[200],"noting":[202],"stigma":[204],"seeking":[206],"treatment,":[207],"role":[210],"integration":[213],"recovery":[215],"using":[217],"framework.":[222],"Next,":[223],"we":[224],"consequences":[228],"these":[230],"barriers:":[232],"how":[233],"lack":[234],"ofmental":[235],"creates":[238],"African-American":[244],"population":[245],"contributes":[247],"disparity":[249],"survivability":[251],"mortality":[253],"rates.":[254],"Finally,":[255],"some":[256],"suggestions":[257],"improving":[259],"equity":[261],"are":[262],"advanced,":[263],"based":[264],"successful":[266],"programs":[267],"from":[268],"fields":[270],"andrelevant":[271],"research":[272],"attitudes":[274],"towards":[275],"accessing":[276],"care.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
