{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2504746063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","title":"History of E-Commerce","display_name":"History of E-Commerce","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2504746063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","mag":"2504746063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463409","display_name":"IGI Global eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770362669","display_name":"Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce"},"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073993420","display_name":"Yan Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri - St. Louis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri - St. Louis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054480591","display_name":"Concetta M. Stewart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Concetta Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temple University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temple University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"559","last_page":"564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14139","display_name":"E-commerce and Technology Innovations","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14139","display_name":"E-commerce and Technology Innovations","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12885","display_name":"Digital Innovation in Industries","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-e-commerce","display_name":"history of e-commerce","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce","display_name":"e-commerce","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b2b-e-commerce","display_name":"B2B e-commerce","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b2c-e-commerce","display_name":"B2C e-commerce","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-economy","display_name":"internet economy","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-economy","display_name":"digital economy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce-trends","display_name":"e-commerce trends","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203043789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138461","display_name":"Digital economy","level":2,"score":0.7530680298805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7396687865257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6041548848152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78597825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484847","display_name":"E-commerce","level":2,"score":0.5737245678901672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187452473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903","display_name":"Goods and services","level":2,"score":0.5579527616500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.554664134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5141115784645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.5123868584632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.5010180473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778859120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459081","display_name":"New economy","level":2,"score":0.4341937303543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65992609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871337","display_name":"Information economy","level":2,"score":0.41262584924697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65257409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734253","display_name":"Electronic business","level":3,"score":0.41241830587387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.3546539545059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.29787468910217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.29031866788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1828824281692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1621464192867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12580806016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08759123086929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463409","display_name":"IGI Global eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"doi:10.4018/9781591407997.ch090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/9781591407997.ch090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/9781591407997.ch090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463409","display_name":"IGI Global eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100313977","https://openalex.org/W2482755305","https://openalex.org/W1454308864","https://openalex.org/W4230520517","https://openalex.org/W7104004757","https://openalex.org/W6925426142","https://openalex.org/W7216864804","https://openalex.org/W4249460216","https://openalex.org/W4407718103","https://openalex.org/W144502986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"E-commerce":[0,273],"or":[1,33,149,152],"electronic":[2,17,69],"commerce,":[3],"also":[4],"known":[5,85],"as":[6,159,179,206,220,294,342,344],"e-business,":[7],"refers":[8,138],"to":[9,78,86,108,120,139,297,351,362],"the":[10,20,30,83,87,92,121,140,147,164,173,218,227,256,279,303,317,320,328,335,340],"transaction":[11],"of":[12,49,100,104,110,123,189,246,255,278,311,319,322,334,337],"goods":[13],"and":[14,53,65,76,113,126,209,263,324],"services":[15,77,153],"through":[16,68],"communications.":[18],"Although":[19,80,287],"general":[21,88],"public":[22],"has":[23,36,274,300],"become":[24],"familiar":[25],"with":[26,61,133],"e-commerce":[27,35,97,105,231,288,312,338],"only":[28],"in":[29,98,163,226,283,327,339,355],"last":[31],"decade":[32],"so,":[34],"actually":[37,95,301],"been":[38,275],"around":[39],"for":[40,129,183],"over":[41],"30":[42],"years.":[43],"There":[44],"are":[45,186,194,230,266],"two":[46],"basic":[47],"types":[48],"e-commerce:":[50],"business-to-business":[51],"(B2B)":[52],"business-to-consumer":[54],"(B2C).":[55],"In":[56,71,212],"B2B,":[57],"companies":[58,73],"conduct":[59,306],"business":[60],"their":[62],"suppliers,":[63],"distributors,":[64],"other":[66,174],"partners":[67],"networks.":[70,211],"B2C,":[72],"sell":[74],"products":[75,151],"consumers.":[79],"B2C":[81],"is":[82,91,106,200,217,242,251],"better":[84],"public,":[89],"B2B":[90],"form":[93],"that":[94,143],"dominates":[96],"terms":[99,282],"revenue.1":[101],"The":[102],"concept":[103],"related":[107,268],"notions":[109],"Internet":[111,136,148,170,181,190,261],"economy":[112,137,199,216,229,265],"digital":[114,203,210,215,228,257,264,285],"economy.":[115,171,258],"All":[116],"these":[117],"concepts":[118],"relate":[119],"use":[122],"new":[124],"information":[125,323],"communication":[127,325],"technologies":[128,204,326],"economic":[130,141],"activities,":[131,177],"but":[132,192,269],"different":[134,271],"focuses.":[135],"activities":[142,225],"generate":[144],"revenue":[145],"from":[146,238,359],"Internet-related":[150],"(Costa,":[154],"2001).":[155],"Therefore,":[156],"pre-Internet":[157],"e-commerce,":[158,247,260],"will":[160,313,348],"be":[161,168],"detailed":[162],"following":[165],"section,":[166],"cannot":[167],"called":[169],"On":[172],"hand,":[175],"some":[176],"such":[178,205],"building":[180],"connections":[182],"commercial":[184,329],"purposes,":[185],"a":[187,239,252],"part":[188],"economy,":[191,262],"they":[193],"not":[195,223,243],"necessarily":[196],"e-commerce.":[197,221,356],"Digital":[198],"based":[201],"on":[202],"computer,":[207],"software,":[208],"most":[213,280],"cases,":[214],"same":[219],"However,":[222],"all":[224],"activities.":[232],"For":[233],"example,":[234],"purchasing":[235],"computer":[236],"gear":[237],"storefront":[240],"retailer":[241],"an":[244,295,332],"activity":[245],"although":[248],"it":[249,299],"certainly":[250],"key":[253],"component":[254],"Hence,":[259],"closely":[267],"have":[270],"concepts.":[272],"perhaps":[276],"one":[277],"prevalent":[281],"this":[284,364],"era.":[286],"was":[289],"once":[290],"looked":[291],"upon":[292],"simply":[293],"expressway":[296],"wealth,":[298],"transformed":[302],"way":[304],"people":[305],"business.":[307],"An":[308],"historical":[309],"analysis":[310,333],"provide":[314],"insights":[315],"into":[316],"evolution":[318,336],"application":[321],"arena.":[330],"Furthermore,":[331],"past":[341],"well":[343],"its":[345],"present":[346],"state":[347],"enable":[349],"us":[350],"project":[352],"future":[353],"trends":[354],"Request":[357],"access":[358],"your":[360],"librarian":[361],"read":[363],"chapter's":[365],"full":[366],"text.":[367]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}