{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2504601352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","title":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Public Primary School Children in Nigeria: Prevalence and Nomenclature","display_name":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Public Primary School Children in Nigeria: Prevalence and Nomenclature","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2504601352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","mag":"2504601352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/9854062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/9854062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202709115","display_name":"Epidemiology Research International","issn_l":"2090-2972","issn":["2090-2972","2090-2980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/9854062.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054890801","display_name":"Roseline Ekanem Duke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-2579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-2579"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271753","display_name":"University Of Calabar Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02zfa4k47","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271753"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roseline E. Duke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Children\u2019s Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8222-2579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Children\u2019s Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113611890","display_name":"Friday Akwagiobe Odey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271753","display_name":"University Of Calabar Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02zfa4k47","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271753"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friday Odey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055820656","display_name":"Stefan De Smedt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284891","display_name":"AZ Sint-Maarten","ror":"https://ror.org/04crz8262","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284891"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan De Smedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, AZ Sint-Maarten Hospital, Mechelen, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, AZ Sint-Maarten Hospital, Mechelen, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284891"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054890801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.852,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83912792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vernal-keratoconjunctivitis","display_name":"vernal keratoconjunctivitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-grading","display_name":"clinical grading","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-types","display_name":"clinical types","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-terminology","display_name":"diagnostic terminology","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-river-state","display_name":"Cross River State","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776469317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686833","display_name":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis","level":2,"score":0.8497302532196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6326042413711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6141420602798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5516430735588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.515531063079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778064476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623006","display_name":"Keratoconjunctivitis","level":2,"score":0.5046671628952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.4713938534259796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780870513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471521","display_name":"Allergic conjunctivitis","level":3,"score":0.46132391691207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.43556973338127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.41446274518966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.38368889689445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3506198227405548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.23627504706382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18085834383964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.15751007199287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207480886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42982","display_name":"Allergy","level":2,"score":0.13831180334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.12602806091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.08673369884490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07889807224273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/9854062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/9854062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202709115","display_name":"Epidemiology Research International","issn_l":"2090-2972","issn":["2090-2972","2090-2980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fc61e498a3394b30b7546c7e40618bed","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fc61e498a3394b30b7546c7e40618bed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology Research International, Vol 2016 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/9854062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9854062","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/9854062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202709115","display_name":"Epidemiology Research International","issn_l":"2090-2972","issn":["2090-2972","2090-2980"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology Research International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2504601352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2504601352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72655585","https://openalex.org/W1531255765","https://openalex.org/W2013605635","https://openalex.org/W2018066926","https://openalex.org/W2032639389","https://openalex.org/W2057866660","https://openalex.org/W2063731392","https://openalex.org/W2074545228","https://openalex.org/W2078312786","https://openalex.org/W2087727316","https://openalex.org/W2103411248","https://openalex.org/W2105792740","https://openalex.org/W2141376912","https://openalex.org/W2143644810","https://openalex.org/W2152804709","https://openalex.org/W2245097471","https://openalex.org/W2417962387","https://openalex.org/W2432498430","https://openalex.org/W4238751177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406253618","https://openalex.org/W7220315548","https://openalex.org/W2740655645","https://openalex.org/W1551513169","https://openalex.org/W2605168474","https://openalex.org/W2221710052","https://openalex.org/W2769350084","https://openalex.org/W6950356012","https://openalex.org/W4392375399","https://openalex.org/W4210682013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective.":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"sought":[3],"to":[4,6,101,155],"add":[5],"the":[7,12,77,111],"body":[8],"of":[9,16,32,76,79,89,99,110],"information":[10],"on":[11],"prevalence":[13,88],"and":[14,66,128,146,168],"pattern":[15],"vernal":[17],"keratoconjunctivitis":[18,161],"(VKC)":[19],"among":[20],"school":[21,69,81],"aged":[22],"children":[23,33,83,113],"in":[24,34,38,61,93],"Cross":[25,39],"River":[26,40],"State,":[27,41],"Nigeria.Method.":[28],"A":[29,174],"cross-sectional":[30],"survey":[31],"public":[35,171],"primary":[36,182],"schools":[37,48],"Nigeria,":[42],"was":[43,84,91],"studied":[44],"for":[45,178,181],"VKC.":[46,132],"Five":[47],"were":[49,59,153],"included,":[50],"using":[51],"a":[52,157,163],"multistage":[53],"sampling":[54],"technique.":[55],"Comprehensive":[56],"eye":[57],"examinations":[58],"conducted":[60],"one":[62],"thousand":[63],"two":[64],"hundred":[65],"twenty-six":[67],"(1226)":[68],"children.Main":[70],"Outcome":[71],"Measures/Results.":[72],"The":[73,87,97,107,133,150],"mean":[74],"age":[75],"population":[78,95],"1226":[80],"attending":[82],"9.62\u00b12.324":[85],".":[86],"VKC":[90,115,180],"18.1%":[92],"this":[94],"study.":[96],"ratio":[98],"males":[100],"females":[102],"is":[103,116,162,186],"1.8":[104],":":[105],"1.":[106],"clinical":[108,134,151],"grading":[109],"223":[112],"with":[114],"as":[117,138],"follows:":[118,139],"43":[119],"(19.3%)":[120],"quiescent,":[121],"134":[122],"(60.1%)":[123],"mild,":[124],"44":[125],"(19.7%)":[126],"moderate,":[127],"2":[129],"(0.9%)":[130],"severe":[131],"types":[135,152],"reported":[136],"are":[137],"limbal":[140],"67":[141],"(30.0%),":[142],"tarsal":[143],"105":[144],"(47.1%),":[145],"mixed":[147],"51":[148],"(22.9%).":[149],"used":[154],"describe":[156],"modified":[158],"nomenclature.Conclusions.":[159],"Vernal":[160],"commonly":[164],"occurring":[165],"chronic":[166],"condition":[167],"an":[169],"important":[170],"health":[172,183],"problem.":[173],"simple":[175],"diagnostic":[176],"nomenclature":[177],"describing":[179],"care":[184],"workers":[185],"recommended.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}