{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2500668545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","title":"The Fed and Lehman Brothers: Introduction and Summary","display_name":"The Fed and Lehman Brothers: Introduction and Summary","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2500668545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","mag":"2500668545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w22410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041112681","display_name":"Laurence M. Ball","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-388X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-388X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurence Ball","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore , MD 21218","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138","International Monetary Fund (IMF)","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Johns Hopkins University - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore , MD 21218","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041112681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890","https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14154","display_name":"finance, banking, and market dynamics","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13074","display_name":"Global Financial Regulation and Crises","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-reserve","display_name":"Federal Reserve","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lehman-brothers","display_name":"Lehman Brothers","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2008-financial-crisis","display_name":"2008 financial crisis","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-bailout","display_name":"bank bailout","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-authority","display_name":"legal authority","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collateral","display_name":"collateral","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-regulation","display_name":"financial regulation","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717","display_name":"Download","level":2,"score":0.8649693131446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694563","display_name":"Collateral","level":2,"score":0.7298139929771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993632694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45939","display_name":"Collateral damage","level":2,"score":0.6488617062568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.5855240821838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.5191837549209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4878678321838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.35368913412094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3437069058418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3303403854370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28869616985321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.16679519414901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13284990191459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0583471953868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w22410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w22410.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w22410.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2500668545","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/nber_w22410.pdf?abstractid=2810920&mirid=1&type=2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3139777057","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/22410.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w22410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w22410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2500668545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2500668545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332558838","https://openalex.org/W2917258294","https://openalex.org/W3118826963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341129675","https://openalex.org/W2917258294","https://openalex.org/W3157284131","https://openalex.org/W2807060116","https://openalex.org/W4245103434","https://openalex.org/W2207526729","https://openalex.org/W4311164853","https://openalex.org/W7098405147","https://openalex.org/W6990169207","https://openalex.org/W3122295599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Why":[0],"did":[1,22,60,67],"the":[2,13,18,29,58,65,71],"Federal":[3],"Reserve":[4],"let":[5],"Lehman":[6],"Brothers":[7],"fail?Fed":[8],"officials":[9],"say":[10],"they":[11],"lacked":[12],"legal":[14,53],"authority":[15,54,72],"to":[16,27],"rescue":[17,62],"firm,":[19],"because":[20],"it":[21,31],"not":[23,56,61],"have":[24,70],"adequate":[25],"collateral":[26],"borrow":[28],"cash":[30],"needed.This":[32],"paper":[33],"summarizes":[34],"a":[35,49,74],"monograph":[36],"that":[37],"disputes":[38],"officials'":[39],"claims":[40,43],"(Ball,":[41],"2016).These":[42],"are":[44],"incorrect":[45],"in":[46,68],"two":[47],"senses:":[48],"perceived":[50],"lack":[51],"of":[52],"was":[55],"why":[57],"Fed":[59,66],"Lehman;":[63],"and":[64],"fact":[69],"for":[73],"rescue.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}