{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2500103179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","title":"Italy: After the Rewards of Growth, the Penalty of Debt","display_name":"Italy: After the Rewards of Growth, the Penalty of Debt","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2500103179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","mag":"2500103179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Economies Since the Second World War","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W651671637","display_name":"European Economies Since the Second World War"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035144715","display_name":"Ruggero Ranieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8975-4485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8975-4485"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruggero Ranieri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035144715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29040355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"75","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14094","display_name":"Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14094","display_name":"Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12337","display_name":"Italian Fascism and Post-war Society","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postwar-economic-recovery","display_name":"post-war economic recovery","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-economic-history","display_name":"Italian economic history","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-damage","display_name":"war damage","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merchant-navy","display_name":"merchant marine","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-damage","display_name":"infrastructure damage","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-material-shortages","display_name":"raw material shortages","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dollar-shortage","display_name":"dollar shortage","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-war","display_name":"civil war","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupation","display_name":"occupation","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-debt","display_name":"public debt","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.6635041236877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.6264408826828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.6031028032302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.5968772172927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4254891276359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3984306752681732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.3981088697910309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.38158339262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3688647150993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32453200221061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2907373607158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2625982165336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2223411202430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16100049018859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08351948857307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26565-7_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Economies Since the Second World War","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127702796","https://openalex.org/W365421600","https://openalex.org/W562268301","https://openalex.org/W576179934","https://openalex.org/W582484206","https://openalex.org/W595714216","https://openalex.org/W611607836","https://openalex.org/W645827643","https://openalex.org/W1485696534","https://openalex.org/W1509291769","https://openalex.org/W1517429648","https://openalex.org/W1519800586","https://openalex.org/W1558177242","https://openalex.org/W1596003268","https://openalex.org/W1596592012","https://openalex.org/W1598110766","https://openalex.org/W1986391381","https://openalex.org/W2065555200","https://openalex.org/W2076841147","https://openalex.org/W2087560933","https://openalex.org/W2125641385","https://openalex.org/W2169806246","https://openalex.org/W2325394492","https://openalex.org/W2325599482","https://openalex.org/W2327814124","https://openalex.org/W2330637787","https://openalex.org/W2483903971","https://openalex.org/W2606993607","https://openalex.org/W2918062855","https://openalex.org/W2937322517","https://openalex.org/W2954099827","https://openalex.org/W3151292309","https://openalex.org/W4243418476","https://openalex.org/W4244548787","https://openalex.org/W4251360363","https://openalex.org/W4289253123","https://openalex.org/W6635135713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2315396809","https://openalex.org/W330204312","https://openalex.org/W4249580864","https://openalex.org/W2568767727","https://openalex.org/W595714216","https://openalex.org/W4311466268","https://openalex.org/W4234150723","https://openalex.org/W2737858512","https://openalex.org/W3107196668","https://openalex.org/W7207441572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,4,33,44,68,72],"end":[2],"of":[3,10,20,35,41,57,60,65,71,78],"war,":[5,45],"in":[6,39],"common":[7],"with":[8],"much":[9],"Europe,":[11],"Italy\u2019s":[12],"economic":[13],"infrastructure":[14],"was":[15,46,50],"seriously":[16],"crippled.":[17],"Very":[18],"little":[19],"her":[21],"merchant":[22],"marine":[23],"had":[24],"survived,":[25],"roads":[26],"and":[27,32,67,82,85],"railways":[28],"were":[29],"severely":[30,47],"damaged,":[31],"stock":[34],"houses,":[36],"already":[37],"badly":[38],"need":[40],"repair":[42],"before":[43],"depleted.":[48],"Output":[49],"at":[51],"a":[52,58,63,75],"very":[53],"low":[54],"level,":[55],"because":[56],"lack":[59],"raw":[61],"materials,":[62],"shortage":[64],"dollars":[66],"general":[69],"disorganization":[70],"country,":[73],"after":[74],"long":[76],"period":[77],"bloody":[79],"fighting,":[80],"German":[81],"Allied":[83],"occupation":[84],"civil":[86],"war.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}