{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2498975889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","title":"ORGANIZING FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE U.S. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY","display_name":"ORGANIZING FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE U.S. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2498975889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","mag":"2498975889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174510","display_name":"Advances in strategic management","issn_l":"0742-3322","issn":["0742-3322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Strategic Management","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230505332","display_name":"Geography and Strategy"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036721964","display_name":"Aya S. Chacar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-1348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-1348"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aya S Chacar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076830213","display_name":"Marvin B. Lieberman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-5660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-5660"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvin B Lieberman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9894593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"317","last_page":"340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.4584999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.4584999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.3978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.041200000792741776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"pharmaceutical industry","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-organization","display_name":"R&D organization","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-innovation","display_name":"technological innovation","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centralization-and-decentralization","display_name":"centralization and decentralization","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-spillovers","display_name":"international spillovers","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-network","display_name":"laboratory network","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-performance","display_name":"innovation performance","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.7810657024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.6765909194946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.6425971984863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5714541673660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.553674042224884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5210851430892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4965370297431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4819874167442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3720387816429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23066410422325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2199806272983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.13814178109169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.11174565553665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07613939046859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-3322(03)20011-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174510","display_name":"Advances in strategic management","issn_l":"0742-3322","issn":["0742-3322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Strategic Management","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332163","display_name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W309818560","https://openalex.org/W580201062","https://openalex.org/W585072158","https://openalex.org/W635527883","https://openalex.org/W1498201492","https://openalex.org/W1549788729","https://openalex.org/W1587950279","https://openalex.org/W1906944042","https://openalex.org/W1963735317","https://openalex.org/W1964483561","https://openalex.org/W1968228377","https://openalex.org/W1969973241","https://openalex.org/W1981963821","https://openalex.org/W1998095887","https://openalex.org/W2001679923","https://openalex.org/W2005606269","https://openalex.org/W2011003917","https://openalex.org/W2048584714","https://openalex.org/W2050908148","https://openalex.org/W2060303820","https://openalex.org/W2073987376","https://openalex.org/W2075678236","https://openalex.org/W2077778399","https://openalex.org/W2079276029","https://openalex.org/W2092902668","https://openalex.org/W2109280325","https://openalex.org/W2112869100","https://openalex.org/W2118243939","https://openalex.org/W2124298085","https://openalex.org/W2130215616","https://openalex.org/W2135590765","https://openalex.org/W2136965526","https://openalex.org/W2143585157","https://openalex.org/W2146034577","https://openalex.org/W2165429918","https://openalex.org/W2172157658","https://openalex.org/W2324209515","https://openalex.org/W2396777782","https://openalex.org/W2478848540","https://openalex.org/W2501283205","https://openalex.org/W2506442175","https://openalex.org/W2518089148","https://openalex.org/W2913712231","https://openalex.org/W2932440884","https://openalex.org/W3020778588","https://openalex.org/W3023136887","https://openalex.org/W3121527737","https://openalex.org/W3121537542","https://openalex.org/W3122626546","https://openalex.org/W3124079976","https://openalex.org/W3124190931","https://openalex.org/W3124567902","https://openalex.org/W3124826221","https://openalex.org/W3125862802","https://openalex.org/W4236874156","https://openalex.org/W4251104581","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300578501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099960226","https://openalex.org/W4400440868","https://openalex.org/W2031781484","https://openalex.org/W2506442175","https://openalex.org/W2328925525","https://openalex.org/W2027344768","https://openalex.org/W4231119572","https://openalex.org/W167476345","https://openalex.org/W2053048715","https://openalex.org/W2761105557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71,109],"organization":[1,35,43,122],"of":[2,16,33,41,50,68,77,87,102,114],"R&D":[3],"in":[4,52,62],"geographic":[5,34,42],"space":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"identified":[9],"as":[10],"an":[11,121],"important":[12],"but":[13,97],"neglected":[14],"determinant":[15],"innovative":[17,37],"performance.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"uses":[21],"data":[22],"on":[23,36],"21":[24],"U.S.-based":[25],"pharmaceutical":[26,81],"companies":[27,82],"to":[28,74],"investigate":[29],"the":[30,53,63,75,117],"potential":[31],"impact":[32],"output.":[38],"Three":[39],"dimensions":[40],"are":[44],"assessed:":[45],"(1)":[46],"centralization":[47,115],"versus":[48],"decentralization":[49],"laboratories":[51,128],"United":[54],"States;":[55],"(2)":[56],"localized":[57,104],"spillovers":[58,79,105],"among":[59,106],"competing":[60],"labs":[61,92],"U.S.;":[64],"and":[65],"(3)":[66],"globalization":[67],"laboratory":[69],"networks.":[70],"findings":[72],"point":[73],"importance":[76],"international":[78],"that":[80,120],"have":[83],"harnessed":[84],"through":[85],"ownership":[86],"foreign":[88,91],"laboratories.":[89],"Thus,":[90],"appear":[93],"beneficial":[94],"for":[95],"innovation,":[96],"no":[98],"evidence":[99],"is":[100],"found":[101],"more":[103],"commercial":[107],"labs.":[108],"analysis":[110],"shows":[111],"some":[112],"benefits":[113],"within":[116],"U.S.,":[118],"suggesting":[119],"with":[123],"one":[124],"or":[125],"two":[126],"domestic":[127],"may":[129],"be":[130],"optimal.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}