{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2498896737","doi":null,"title":"Real time detection of malicious webpages using machine learning techniques","display_name":"Real time detection of malicious webpages using machine learning techniques","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2498896737","mag":"2498896737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:710","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/1/Shafi%20Ahmed%20-%20PhD%20Full%20Thesis.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/1/Shafi%20Ahmed%20-%20PhD%20Full%20Thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400140","display_name":"London Met Repository (London Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126193024","host_organization_name":"London Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126193024"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/1/Shafi%20Ahmed%20-%20PhD%20Full%20Thesis.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100974738","display_name":"Shafi Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0628-320X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0628-320X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shafi Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100974738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-detection","display_name":"real-time detection","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/url-feature-extraction","display_name":"URL feature extraction","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screenshot-analysis","display_name":"screenshot analysis","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-maps","display_name":"self-organizing maps","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes","display_name":"naive Bayes","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/browser-extension","display_name":"browser extension","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-security","display_name":"web security","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"unsupervised learning","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-accuracy-comparison","display_name":"classification accuracy comparison","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.8268617391586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7141339778900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5940508842468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.5939745306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.552017867565155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778059363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483426","display_name":"Intranet","level":3,"score":0.44498351216316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.434741348028183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.43145644664764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.414205402135849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3216208219528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27751657366752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1734754741191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:710","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/1/Shafi%20Ahmed%20-%20PhD%20Full%20Thesis.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/1/Shafi%20Ahmed%20-%20PhD%20Full%20Thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400140","display_name":"London Met Repository (London Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126193024","host_organization_name":"London Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126193024"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2498896737","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:710","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/1/Shafi%20Ahmed%20-%20PhD%20Full%20Thesis.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/710/1/Shafi%20Ahmed%20-%20PhD%20Full%20Thesis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400140","display_name":"London Met Repository (London Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126193024","host_organization_name":"London Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126193024"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2498896737.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2498896737.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17198915","https://openalex.org/W74184291","https://openalex.org/W113692204","https://openalex.org/W429766147","https://openalex.org/W1486577490","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1526441817","https://openalex.org/W1551103625","https://openalex.org/W1590936031","https://openalex.org/W1679913846","https://openalex.org/W1755193636","https://openalex.org/W1761672165","https://openalex.org/W1877404780","https://openalex.org/W1967838552","https://openalex.org/W1968309667","https://openalex.org/W1969572066","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1980767556","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W1985419898","https://openalex.org/W1987552279","https://openalex.org/W1988111369","https://openalex.org/W1991074244","https://openalex.org/W1994851566","https://openalex.org/W1996764654","https://openalex.org/W1997841190","https://openalex.org/W2000108661","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2003233718","https://openalex.org/W2004751526","https://openalex.org/W2014545475","https://openalex.org/W2022896032","https://openalex.org/W2037790464","https://openalex.org/W2039044448","https://openalex.org/W2043909051","https://openalex.org/W2053774863","https://openalex.org/W2057510141","https://openalex.org/W2060964868","https://openalex.org/W2064082667","https://openalex.org/W2078964140","https://openalex.org/W2079810998","https://openalex.org/W2080221965","https://openalex.org/W2083436711","https://openalex.org/W2086648145","https://openalex.org/W2094934653","https://openalex.org/W2095610745","https://openalex.org/W2096152098","https://openalex.org/W2110167714","https://openalex.org/W2131438151","https://openalex.org/W2140066580","https://openalex.org/W2142838865","https://openalex.org/W2143170946","https://openalex.org/W2146729596","https://openalex.org/W2149674032","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153106208","https://openalex.org/W2154668747","https://openalex.org/W2161278885","https://openalex.org/W2162161511","https://openalex.org/W2165232124","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2171209182","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2338043510","https://openalex.org/W2404981861","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913854892","https://openalex.org/W3151392175","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4251326898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013280855","https://openalex.org/W1608895515","https://openalex.org/W4239812295","https://openalex.org/W2377961509","https://openalex.org/W7009113432","https://openalex.org/W2972627823","https://openalex.org/W2793336985","https://openalex.org/W2132314437","https://openalex.org/W3157759520","https://openalex.org/W1980558234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"today's":[1],"Internet,":[2],"online":[3],"content":[4,261],"and":[5,34,39,43,50,151,184,221,249,275,313,321,350,361,371,400],"especially":[6],"webpages":[7,144,155,164,216,228,253],"have":[8,446],"increased":[9],"exponentially.":[10],"Alongside":[11],"this":[12,92,269,389],"huge":[13],"rise,":[14],"the":[15,24,81,96,103,148,154,208,222,264,323,372,376,397,401,419,424,440,449],"number":[16,108],"of":[17,102,109,126,141,163,174,207,211,215,277,325,368,379,404],"users":[18,66],"has":[19,72],"also":[20],"amplified":[21],"considerably":[22],"in":[23,115,131,268,426],"past":[25],"two":[26],"decades.":[27],"Most":[28],"responsible":[29],"institutions":[30],"such":[31,194,259,335],"as":[32,168,195,235,260,336],"banks":[33],"governments":[35],"follow":[36],"specific":[37],"rules":[38],"regulations":[40],"regarding":[41],"conducts":[42],"security.":[44],"But,":[45],"most":[46,265],"websites":[47],"are":[48,124,156,166,179,187,356],"designed":[49],"developed":[51,318],"using":[52,309],"little":[53],"restrictions":[54],"on":[55,85,134,255],"these":[56,294,326,406],"issues.":[57],"That":[58],"is":[59,62,94,99,112,145,160,204,305,408,437],"why":[60],"it":[61],"important":[63,266,299],"to":[64,75,105,117,225,233,241,251,284,296,319,433,448],"protect":[65],"from":[67,170],"harmful":[68,77,128],"webpages.":[69,110,278],"Previous":[70],"research":[71,118,373],"looked":[73],"at":[74],"detect":[76],"webpages,":[78,212],"by":[79,181,190,288,418],"running":[80],"machine":[82,121,244,289,327],"learning":[83,122,245,290,328],"models":[84],"a":[86,113,135,161,171,285,302],"remote":[87],"website.":[88],"The":[89,138,238,279,353,391,414],"problem":[90],"with":[91],"approach":[93],"that":[95,217,229,375,410,442],"detection":[97],"rate":[98],"slow,":[100],"because":[101,206],"need":[104],"handle":[106],"large":[107],"There":[111],"gap":[114],"knowledge":[116],"into":[119],"which":[120,165,292,422],"algorithms":[123,291,334,393,399,430],"capable":[125],"detecting":[127,142],"web":[129,192],"applications":[130],"real":[132,427],"time":[133],"local":[136],"machine.":[137],"conventional":[139],"method":[140],"malicious":[143,169,306],"going":[146],"through":[147],"black":[149,177,202],"list":[150,159,162,203],"checking":[152],"whether":[153,301],"listed.":[157],"Black":[158],"classified":[167],"user's":[172],"point":[173],"view.":[175],"These":[176,330],"lists":[178],"created":[180],"trusted":[182],"organisations":[183],"volunteers.":[185],"They":[186],"then":[188,282],"used":[189,366,423],"modern":[191],"browsers":[193],"Chrome,":[196],"Firefox,":[197],"Internet":[198],"Explorer,":[199],"etc.":[200],"However,":[201],"ineffective":[205],"frequent-changing":[209],"nature":[210],"growing":[213],"numbers":[214],"pose":[218],"scalability":[219],"issues":[220],"crawlers'":[223],"inability":[224],"visit":[226],"intranet":[227],"require":[230],"computer":[231],"operators":[232],"login":[234],"authenticated":[236],"users.":[237],"thesis":[239],"proposes":[240],"use":[242],"various":[243],"algorithms,":[246],"both":[247],"supervised":[248,333,392,434],"unsupervised":[250,354,398],"categorise":[252],"based":[254],"parsing":[256],"their":[257],"features":[258,280,295],"(which":[262],"played":[263],"role":[267],"thesis),":[270],"URL":[271,273],"information,":[272],"links":[274],"screenshots":[276],"were":[281,317],"converted":[283],"format":[286],"understandable":[287],"analysed":[293],"make":[297],"one":[298],"decision:":[300],"given":[303,439],"webpage":[304],"or":[307],"not,":[308],"commonly":[310],"available":[311],"software":[312],"hardware.":[314],"Prototype":[315],"tools":[316],"compare":[320],"analyse":[322],"efficiency":[324],"techniques.":[329],"techniques":[331,355,407],"include":[332],"Support":[337],"Vector":[338],"Machine,":[339],"Na\u00efve":[340],"Bayes,":[341],"Random":[342],"Forest,":[343],"Linear":[344],"Discriminant":[345,348],"Analysis,":[346],"Quantitative":[347],"Analysis":[349],"Decision":[351],"Tree.":[352],"Self-Organising":[357,363],"Map,":[358],"Affinity":[359],"Propagation":[360],"K-Means.":[362],"Map":[364],"was":[365,416],"instead":[367],"Neural":[369,380],"Networks":[370],"suggests":[374],"new":[377],"version":[378],"Network":[381],"i.e.":[382],"Deep":[383],"Learning":[384],"would":[385],"be":[386],"great":[387],"for":[388],"research.":[390],"performed":[394],"better":[395],"than":[396],"best":[402],"out":[403],"all":[405],"SVM":[409],"achieves":[411],"98%":[412],"accuracy.":[413],"result":[415],"validated":[417],"Chrome":[420],"extension":[421],"classifier":[425],"time.":[428],"Unsupervised":[429],"came":[431],"close":[432],"algorithms.":[435],"This":[436],"surprising":[438],"fact":[441],"they":[443],"do":[444],"not":[445],"access":[447],"class":[450],"information":[451],"beforehand.":[452]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
