{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2497904600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","title":"North Africa in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, 323 BC to AD 305","display_name":"North Africa in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, 323 BC to AD 305","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2497904600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","mag":"2497904600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge History of Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211046232","display_name":"The Cambridge History of Africa"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112327333","display_name":"R. C. C. Law","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. C. C. Law","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112327333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27887981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"148","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13068","display_name":"Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History","score":0.05959999933838844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-africa","display_name":"North Africa","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hellenistic-period","display_name":"Hellenistic period","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-period","display_name":"Roman period","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greek-colonization","display_name":"Greek colonization","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phoenician-colonization","display_name":"Phoenician colonization","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alexander-the-great","display_name":"Alexander the Great","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptolemaic-dynasty","display_name":"Ptolemaic dynasty","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alexandria","display_name":"Alexandria","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hellenization","display_name":"Hellenization","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greek-administration","display_name":"Greek administration","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greek-literature","display_name":"Greek literature","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-christianity","display_name":"early Christianity","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3rd-century-ad","display_name":"3rd century AD","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182767506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321169","display_name":"Greeks","level":2,"score":0.9188345074653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.725499153137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776742946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36734","display_name":"Phoenician","level":2,"score":0.7094095349311829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11038979","display_name":"Cult","level":2,"score":0.5513187050819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551968917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5043","display_name":"Christianity","level":2,"score":0.5463507771492004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550479007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2277","display_name":"Roman Empire","level":2,"score":0.5215924978256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5168364644050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.49631720781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4780702590942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.46475544571876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4593304991722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.4479205906391144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.4441812038421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.37948620319366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.29625704884529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16865384578704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.14577212929725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.111114501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521215923.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge History of Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":480,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19052114","https://openalex.org/W93373681","https://openalex.org/W130768026","https://openalex.org/W169037836","https://openalex.org/W201488442","https://openalex.org/W251788325","https://openalex.org/W293701792","https://openalex.org/W327371419","https://openalex.org/W349543277","https://openalex.org/W366905253","https://openalex.org/W374865913","https://openalex.org/W381567248","https://openalex.org/W391361225","https://openalex.org/W561065304","https://openalex.org/W561854827","https://openalex.org/W563867577","https://openalex.org/W564196468","https://openalex.org/W567765468","https://openalex.org/W569254996","https://openalex.org/W581745524","https://openalex.org/W583382360","https://openalex.org/W583530847","https://openalex.org/W586192914","https://openalex.org/W586526839","https://openalex.org/W586774290","https://openalex.org/W589880050","https://openalex.org/W590407889","https://openalex.org/W593188014","https://openalex.org/W593226146","https://openalex.org/W594043386","https://openalex.org/W596004033","https://openalex.org/W596454697","https://openalex.org/W598090464","https://openalex.org/W600174635","https://openalex.org/W603807264","https://openalex.org/W611513433","https://openalex.org/W611705098","https://openalex.org/W614939294","https://openalex.org/W616098665","https://openalex.org/W616165583","https://openalex.org/W617290127","https://openalex.org/W620833121","https://openalex.org/W621437373","https://openalex.org/W623103105","https://openalex.org/W623778720","https://openalex.org/W624160546","https://openalex.org/W632412555","https://openalex.org/W632687606","https://openalex.org/W634643982","https://openalex.org/W635707359","https://openalex.org/W636883174","https://openalex.org/W638729824","https://openalex.org/W638958366","https://openalex.org/W639125030","https://openalex.org/W641464331","https://openalex.org/W645966998","https://openalex.org/W647004707","https://openalex.org/W648429470","https://openalex.org/W649789774","https://openalex.org/W650432767","https://openalex.org/W652101776","https://openalex.org/W654026446","https://openalex.org/W654628797","https://openalex.org/W883384055","https://openalex.org/W950963590","https://openalex.org/W1010192368","https://openalex.org/W1020140430","https://openalex.org/W1480303839","https://openalex.org/W1483846377","https://openalex.org/W1496970255","https://openalex.org/W1497084215","https://openalex.org/W1501122033","https://openalex.org/W1518518886","https://openalex.org/W1521276341","https://openalex.org/W1524735962","https://openalex.org/W1525891331","https://openalex.org/W1532497356","https://openalex.org/W1534318786","https://openalex.org/W1539764104","https://openalex.org/W1543202190","https://openalex.org/W1544394350","https://openalex.org/W1554565692","https://openalex.org/W1556154107","https://openalex.org/W1556919761","https://openalex.org/W1563484992","https://openalex.org/W1564453966","https://openalex.org/W1569834424","https://openalex.org/W1570031399","https://openalex.org/W1573927796","https://openalex.org/W1577651798","https://openalex.org/W1582341360","https://openalex.org/W1582599358","https://openalex.org/W1582925471","https://openalex.org/W1583880375","https://openalex.org/W1585191692","https://openalex.org/W1587246030","https://openalex.org/W1588129376","https://openalex.org/W1588445270","https://openalex.org/W1777548157","https://openalex.org/W1962197074","https://openalex.org/W1963483408","https://openalex.org/W1964474326","https://openalex.org/W1964504356","https://openalex.org/W1964563946","https://openalex.org/W1965973216","https://openalex.org/W1966911924","https://openalex.org/W1967026514","https://openalex.org/W1969249724","https://openalex.org/W1969445947","https://openalex.org/W1970220920","https://openalex.org/W1970458673","https://openalex.org/W1971913292","https://openalex.org/W1973150017","https://openalex.org/W1973306175","https://openalex.org/W1974301322","https://openalex.org/W1974720645","https://openalex.org/W1976119741","https://openalex.org/W1978632315","https://openalex.org/W1978718019","https://openalex.org/W1980926567","https://openalex.org/W1983738587","https://openalex.org/W1983966337","https://openalex.org/W1984626694","https://openalex.org/W1984790541","https://openalex.org/W1985132650","https://openalex.org/W1985745485","https://openalex.org/W1986332808","https://openalex.org/W1986420242","https://openalex.org/W1988597459","https://openalex.org/W1990242619","https://openalex.org/W1990314823","https://openalex.org/W1992174873","https://openalex.org/W1992693329","https://openalex.org/W1992816517","https://openalex.org/W1992905309","https://openalex.org/W1992969431","https://openalex.org/W1994214175","https://openalex.org/W1994411951","https://openalex.org/W1994952335","https://openalex.org/W1997701452","https://openalex.org/W1997790762","https://openalex.org/W1998580324","https://openalex.org/W1998998402","https://openalex.org/W1999298856","https://openalex.org/W1999308891","https://openalex.org/W1999926313","https://openalex.org/W2000542563","https://openalex.org/W2001367601","https://openalex.org/W2002975419","https://openalex.org/W2006740259","https://openalex.org/W2007050050","https://openalex.org/W2008748097","https://openalex.org/W2011554304","https://openalex.org/W2012571772","https://openalex.org/W2014962279","https://openalex.org/W2017514733","https://openalex.org/W2020217476","https://openalex.org/W2021140026","https://openalex.org/W2021318118","https://openalex.org/W2021830317","https://openalex.org/W2022100801","https://openalex.org/W2023731074","https://openalex.org/W2024349410","https://openalex.org/W2025136639","https://openalex.org/W2025875749","https://openalex.org/W2026195647","https://openalex.org/W2026224789","https://openalex.org/W2026837352","https://openalex.org/W2028282612","https://openalex.org/W2029019379","https://openalex.org/W2029038245","https://openalex.org/W2029511606","https://openalex.org/W2031181072","https://openalex.org/W2032392163","https://openalex.org/W2033588523","https://openalex.org/W2034134665","https://openalex.org/W2034292755","https://openalex.org/W2034417884","https://openalex.org/W2036418944","https://openalex.org/W2037771820","https://openalex.org/W2038161502","https://openalex.org/W2039534361","https://openalex.org/W2039629734","https://openalex.org/W2039829007","https://openalex.org/W2039958997","https://openalex.org/W2040096030","https://openalex.org/W2040389042","https://openalex.org/W2040744695","https://openalex.org/W2041377901","https://openalex.org/W2044497430","https://openalex.org/W2045107456","https://openalex.org/W2046522779","https://openalex.org/W2046702889","https://openalex.org/W2049453719","https://openalex.org/W2049974688","https://openalex.org/W2050720580","https://openalex.org/W2051201776","https://openalex.org/W2054342423","https://openalex.org/W2054655001","https://openalex.org/W2055105630","https://openalex.org/W2057576094","https://openalex.org/W2058760117","https://openalex.org/W2058761937","https://openalex.org/W2059560605","https://openalex.org/W2059566034","https://openalex.org/W2059642308","https://openalex.org/W2062001942","https://openalex.org/W2062604475","https://openalex.org/W2063570546","https://openalex.org/W2064975024","https://openalex.org/W2066752898","https://openalex.org/W2068294961","https://openalex.org/W2070628463","https://openalex.org/W2071205099","https://openalex.org/W2071678878","https://openalex.org/W2071934955","https://openalex.org/W2072921511","https://openalex.org/W2073385399","https://openalex.org/W2075564954","https://openalex.org/W2075878639","https://openalex.org/W2076861104","https://openalex.org/W2077085530","https://openalex.org/W2077467215","https://openalex.org/W2079192064","https://openalex.org/W2079999779","https://openalex.org/W2080761098","https://openalex.org/W2081595324","https://openalex.org/W2081828685","https://openalex.org/W2082893935","https://openalex.org/W2082895438","https://openalex.org/W2083007976","https://openalex.org/W2083832258","https://openalex.org/W2085078318","https://openalex.org/W2085905171","https://openalex.org/W2086796016","https://openalex.org/W2087629674","https://openalex.org/W2087763278","https://openalex.org/W2088347048","https://openalex.org/W2090471920","https://openalex.org/W2091007970","https://openalex.org/W2091089195","https://openalex.org/W2091790449","https://openalex.org/W2092442442","https://openalex.org/W2093047061","https://openalex.org/W2093943018","https://openalex.org/W2096572597","https://openalex.org/W2096877968","https://openalex.org/W2098052715","https://openalex.org/W2099340053","https://openalex.org/W2099631635","https://openalex.org/W2103751720","https://openalex.org/W2103956253","https://openalex.org/W2104535728","https://openalex.org/W2104581148","https://openalex.org/W2104954557","https://openalex.org/W2105301189","https://openalex.org/W2106304714","https://openalex.org/W2113337941","https://openalex.org/W2115344470","https://openalex.org/W2116076888","https://openalex.org/W2118486783","https://openalex.org/W2118737659","https://openalex.org/W2118783868","https://openalex.org/W2119065677","https://openalex.org/W2126706557","https://openalex.org/W2127126342","https://openalex.org/W2127376909","https://openalex.org/W2129488110","https://openalex.org/W2130014158","https://openalex.org/W2133346363","https://openalex.org/W2135035218","https://openalex.org/W2136614218","https://openalex.org/W2137657860","https://openalex.org/W2138918797","https://openalex.org/W2139177288","https://openalex.org/W2140751470","https://openalex.org/W2141712636","https://openalex.org/W2145387810","https://openalex.org/W2150200844","https://openalex.org/W2153040098","https://openalex.org/W2155883267","https://openalex.org/W2160653550","https://openalex.org/W2163897976","https://openalex.org/W2164627846","https://openalex.org/W2165620017","https://openalex.org/W2165909875","https://openalex.org/W2168810136","https://openalex.org/W2169670092","https://openalex.org/W2170944426","https://openalex.org/W2175943212","https://openalex.org/W2212776754","https://openalex.org/W2229485358","https://openalex.org/W2258513760","https://openalex.org/W2259099276","https://openalex.org/W2262817869","https://openalex.org/W2267044533","https://openalex.org/W2276958484","https://openalex.org/W2276978244","https://openalex.org/W2285205328","https://openalex.org/W2288471289","https://openalex.org/W2290845769","https://openalex.org/W2291607492","https://openalex.org/W2292568131","https://openalex.org/W2293843249","https://openalex.org/W2296382834","https://openalex.org/W2296442552","https://openalex.org/W2300074849","https://openalex.org/W2300589092","https://openalex.org/W2301362142","https://openalex.org/W2312321442","https://openalex.org/W2312904565","https://openalex.org/W2313190429","https://openalex.org/W2315610141","https://openalex.org/W2318270999","https://openalex.org/W2318760216","https://openalex.org/W2319574928","https://openalex.org/W2319589688","https://openalex.org/W2320178023","https://openalex.org/W2320630006","https://openalex.org/W2321060671","https://openalex.org/W2321454423","https://openalex.org/W2322596284","https://openalex.org/W2323737622","https://openalex.org/W2323864597","https://openalex.org/W2324048193","https://openalex.org/W2324664766","https://openalex.org/W2324903610","https://openalex.org/W2324938493","https://openalex.org/W2324959214","https://openalex.org/W2325743337","https://openalex.org/W2326053930","https://openalex.org/W2326507283","https://openalex.org/W2326749443","https://openalex.org/W2327400291","https://openalex.org/W2327707989","https://openalex.org/W2328133793","https://openalex.org/W2329376988","https://openalex.org/W2329611379","https://openalex.org/W2329787041","https://openalex.org/W2330129127","https://openalex.org/W2332783130","https://openalex.org/W2332948495","https://openalex.org/W2334559109","https://openalex.org/W2334561937","https://openalex.org/W2335098084","https://openalex.org/W2335263712","https://openalex.org/W2336982022","https://openalex.org/W2339540114","https://openalex.org/W2342951719","https://openalex.org/W2409255303","https://openalex.org/W2460787830","https://openalex.org/W2466746085","https://openalex.org/W2474604687","https://openalex.org/W2476010549","https://openalex.org/W2482348032","https://openalex.org/W2486359191","https://openalex.org/W2489035532","https://openalex.org/W2492795816","https://openalex.org/W2497163778","https://openalex.org/W2534151368","https://openalex.org/W2568166006","https://openalex.org/W2586863214","https://openalex.org/W2587017437","https://openalex.org/W2587093958","https://openalex.org/W2764505966","https://openalex.org/W2789623473","https://openalex.org/W2790477972","https://openalex.org/W2790958944","https://openalex.org/W2791682520","https://openalex.org/W2792850643","https://openalex.org/W2793328287","https://openalex.org/W2793801464","https://openalex.org/W2793835604","https://openalex.org/W2793938944","https://openalex.org/W2794255094","https://openalex.org/W2795383148","https://openalex.org/W2795409281","https://openalex.org/W2795504804","https://openalex.org/W2795751765","https://openalex.org/W2795794990","https://openalex.org/W2795961914","https://openalex.org/W2796119843","https://openalex.org/W2796131705","https://openalex.org/W2796183853","https://openalex.org/W2796350062","https://openalex.org/W2796415912","https://openalex.org/W2796439951","https://openalex.org/W2796570368","https://openalex.org/W2796590575","https://openalex.org/W2796626664","https://openalex.org/W2796709015","https://openalex.org/W2796934039","https://openalex.org/W2797008465","https://openalex.org/W2797065899","https://openalex.org/W2797136737","https://openalex.org/W2797176319","https://openalex.org/W2797314726","https://openalex.org/W2797401144","https://openalex.org/W2797446737","https://openalex.org/W2797453343","https://openalex.org/W2797492731","https://openalex.org/W2797518653","https://openalex.org/W2797535053","https://openalex.org/W2797729004","https://openalex.org/W2797789383","https://openalex.org/W2797835898","https://openalex.org/W2797865228","https://openalex.org/W2798052189","https://openalex.org/W2798247443","https://openalex.org/W2798743374","https://openalex.org/W2799515860","https://openalex.org/W2799821665","https://openalex.org/W2800142552","https://openalex.org/W2800884166","https://openalex.org/W2801851215","https://openalex.org/W2801875820","https://openalex.org/W2803025106","https://openalex.org/W2907396507","https://openalex.org/W2989618106","https://openalex.org/W2991876827","https://openalex.org/W3005158327","https://openalex.org/W3006167054","https://openalex.org/W3049151984","https://openalex.org/W3080463398","https://openalex.org/W3086231229","https://openalex.org/W3091574555","https://openalex.org/W3116301062","https://openalex.org/W3129583453","https://openalex.org/W3141256823","https://openalex.org/W3151386406","https://openalex.org/W3170129890","https://openalex.org/W3171132542","https://openalex.org/W3186502954","https://openalex.org/W4206070353","https://openalex.org/W4206923322","https://openalex.org/W4211033787","https://openalex.org/W4230372772","https://openalex.org/W4230554477","https://openalex.org/W4230716201","https://openalex.org/W4231021555","https://openalex.org/W4232009456","https://openalex.org/W4232245294","https://openalex.org/W4232825693","https://openalex.org/W4233603948","https://openalex.org/W4233787796","https://openalex.org/W4234288856","https://openalex.org/W4235485371","https://openalex.org/W4235644859","https://openalex.org/W4236074726","https://openalex.org/W4237340727","https://openalex.org/W4240793846","https://openalex.org/W4240889562","https://openalex.org/W4241028675","https://openalex.org/W4241141029","https://openalex.org/W4242711754","https://openalex.org/W4244363752","https://openalex.org/W4245533707","https://openalex.org/W4247791864","https://openalex.org/W4252407180","https://openalex.org/W4253098722","https://openalex.org/W4253515713","https://openalex.org/W4254212523","https://openalex.org/W4254982495","https://openalex.org/W4255982278","https://openalex.org/W4256305835","https://openalex.org/W4256411919","https://openalex.org/W4256482178","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297870560","https://openalex.org/W4298285114","https://openalex.org/W4301971535","https://openalex.org/W4302406673","https://openalex.org/W4394905053","https://openalex.org/W4394940597","https://openalex.org/W4396985187","https://openalex.org/W4400548068","https://openalex.org/W4402376342","https://openalex.org/W4405251228","https://openalex.org/W6825318043","https://openalex.org/W7046627083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211110568","https://openalex.org/W4366385138","https://openalex.org/W2487631089","https://openalex.org/W4206425578","https://openalex.org/W2477324264","https://openalex.org/W2794040562","https://openalex.org/W4388385710","https://openalex.org/W6991424596","https://openalex.org/W4398195911","https://openalex.org/W2209989493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"the":[1,4,8,23,44,52,55,64,78,82,99,104,115,120,124,128],"end":[2],"of":[3,22,41,57,63,81,92,101,119,135],"fourth":[5],"century":[6,126],"BC,":[7],"two":[9],"colonizing":[10],"nations,":[11],"Greeks":[12,71,106],"and":[13,25,34,43,72,75,95,97,137],"Phoenicians,":[14],"appeared":[15],"to":[16,50,67,87],"be":[17,68,88],"securely":[18],"established":[19],"in":[20,54],"control":[21],"Mediterranean,":[24],"northern":[26],"Africa":[27],"was":[28,48],"effectively":[29],"divided":[30],"between":[31],"a":[32,35,110,132],"Greek":[33,59,76,93,116],"Phoenician":[36],"state.":[37],"The":[38,61],"official":[39],"cult":[40],"Alexander":[42],"Ptolemies":[45],"at":[46],"Alexandria":[47,85],"designed":[49],"legitimize":[51],"dynasty":[53],"eyes":[56],"its":[58],"subjects.":[60],"bulk":[62],"bureaucracy":[65],"continued":[66,86],"recruited":[69],"from":[70],"Hellenized":[73],"Egyptians,":[74],"remained":[77],"principal":[79,111],"language":[80],"Egyptian":[83,105],"administration.":[84],"an":[89],"important":[90],"centre":[91,113],"literature":[94],"learning,":[96],"with":[98],"spread":[100],"Christianity":[102],"among":[103],"it":[107],"became":[108],"also":[109],"intellectual":[112],"for":[114],"speaking":[117],"section":[118],"Christian":[121],"Church.":[122],"During":[123],"third":[125],"AD":[127],"Roman":[129],"empire":[130],"suffered":[131],"prolonged":[133],"period":[134],"political":[136],"economic":[138],"crisis.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
