{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2497046216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351342","title":"Estimating and Controlling the False Discovery Rate of the PC Algorithm Using Edge-specific P-Values","display_name":"Estimating and Controlling the False Discovery Rate of the PC Algorithm Using Edge-specific P-Values","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2497046216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351342","mag":"2497046216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.03975","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001887367","display_name":"Eric V. Strobl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-6314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-6314","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9894-9694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric V. Strobl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-6314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047533473","display_name":"Peter Spirtes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-190X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-190X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter L. Spirtes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036362467","display_name":"Shyam Visweswaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-8684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-8684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyam Visweswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66005366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pc-algorithm","display_name":"PC algorithm","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-discovery-rate","display_name":"false discovery rate","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-discovery","display_name":"causal discovery","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-independence-tests","display_name":"conditional independence testing","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-discovery-rate-control","display_name":"false discovery rate control","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-ii-error","display_name":"type II error","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-data","display_name":"observational data","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193244246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432696","display_name":"False discovery rate","level":3,"score":0.9362384080886841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183905921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038757","display_name":"Multiple comparisons problem","level":2,"score":0.624955415725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79772020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159264","display_name":"Conditional independence","level":2,"score":0.605829119682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.604240894317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5754390954971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5482514500617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5099800825119019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4784829020500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74197172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","level":2,"score":0.46875452995300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.46380212903022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.43654322624206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3865131139755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3152375817298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30511289834976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16309431195259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10976037383079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3351342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3351342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1607.03975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.03975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2497046216","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1607.03975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.03975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.03975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.03975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1607.03975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03975","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.03975","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4299386282","display_name":"Development and Evaluation of a Learning Electronic Medical Record System","funder_award_id":"R01LM012095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2497046216.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2497046216.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W775992942","https://openalex.org/W1538021842","https://openalex.org/W1596515083","https://openalex.org/W1626295059","https://openalex.org/W1645969895","https://openalex.org/W2023749851","https://openalex.org/W2073307618","https://openalex.org/W2097421443","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2125549884","https://openalex.org/W2127491240","https://openalex.org/W2128889245","https://openalex.org/W2132507555","https://openalex.org/W2151226328","https://openalex.org/W2155573334","https://openalex.org/W2165190832","https://openalex.org/W2591957553","https://openalex.org/W2803956134","https://openalex.org/W2884025810","https://openalex.org/W2908623690","https://openalex.org/W2982875109","https://openalex.org/W3011698752","https://openalex.org/W3121171074","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302423442","https://openalex.org/W7098621062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097421443","https://openalex.org/W4409156851","https://openalex.org/W3204280993","https://openalex.org/W7162946227","https://openalex.org/W7149912504","https://openalex.org/W3199665208","https://openalex.org/W2808679659","https://openalex.org/W2756626219","https://openalex.org/W2806534514","https://openalex.org/W2912065432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"causal":[1],"discovery":[2,47],"algorithms":[3],"infer":[4],"graphical":[5],"structure":[6],"from":[7],"observational":[8],"data.":[9],"The":[10,106],"PC":[11,61,127],"algorithm":[12,67,107,128],"in":[13,53,157],"particular":[14],"estimates":[15,75,109],"a":[16,65,158],"completed":[17],"partially":[18],"directed":[19,28],"acyclic":[20,25],"graph":[21,26],"(CPDAG),":[22],"or":[23],"an":[24],"containing":[27],"edges":[29,52,156],"identifiable":[30],"with":[31,62],"conditional":[32,91],"independence":[33,92],"testing.":[34],"However,":[35],"few":[36],"groups":[37],"have":[38],"investigated":[39],"strategies":[40],"for":[41],"estimating":[42],"and":[43,73,76,110,118,152],"controlling":[44],"the":[45,51,54,78,81,86,98,112,115,119,125,134,155],"false":[46],"rate":[48],"(FDR)":[49],"of":[50,100,160],"CPDAG.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"article,":[58],"we":[59],"introduce":[60],"p-values":[63,72,87,99,117],"(PC-p),":[64],"fast":[66],"that":[68,145],"robustly":[69],"computes":[70],"edge-specific":[71,103],"then":[74,108],"controls":[77,111],"FDR":[79,113,121,150],"across":[80,154],"edges.":[82],"PC-p":[83,131,146],"specifically":[84],"uses":[85],"returned":[88],"by":[89],"many":[90],"(CI)":[93],"tests":[94],"to":[95,124,163],"upper":[96,135],"bound":[97],"more":[101,148],"complex":[102],"hypothesis":[104],"tests.":[105],"using":[114],"bounded":[116],"Benjamini-Yekutieli":[120],"procedure.":[122],"Modifications":[123],"original":[126],"also":[129],"help":[130],"accurately":[132],"compute":[133],"bounds":[136],"despite":[137],"non-zero":[138],"Type":[139],"II":[140],"error":[141],"rates.":[142],"Experiments":[143],"show":[144],"yields":[147],"accurate":[149],"estimation":[151],"control":[153],"variety":[159],"CPDAGs":[161],"compared":[162],"alternative":[164],"methods.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}