{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2496971872","doi":null,"title":"Toward a Unified Management of a Complex Road Network","display_name":"Toward a Unified Management of a Complex Road Network","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2496971872","mag":"2496971872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2496971872","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/1408356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306529415","display_name":"Second International Conference on Traffic and Transport Engineering (ICTTE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Second International Conference on Traffic and Transport Engineering (ICTTE)","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fabio Torta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Torta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070359873","display_name":"Francesca Fermi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-6409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-6409"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Fermi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-6409","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.7080000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.7080000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"Railways and European Transport Policy","score":0.25,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.030300000682473183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-tolls","display_name":"road tolls","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-day-pricing","display_name":"time-of-day pricing","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-distribution","display_name":"traffic distribution","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-modeling","display_name":"transport modeling","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lombardy","display_name":"Lombardy","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-pays-principle","display_name":"user pays principle","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778025104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll","level":2,"score":0.8203424215316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6921254396438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.646703839302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777718309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739432","display_name":"Road pricing","level":3,"score":0.6334266066551208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778636371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16939396","display_name":"Toll road","level":3,"score":0.6208422780036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5744119882583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5343714356422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.49636679887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48824813961982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47821852564811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.47182661294937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4518633484840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.3232780992984772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2531210780143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2125217318534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1435735523700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2496971872","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/1408356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306529415","display_name":"Second International Conference on Traffic and Transport Engineering (ICTTE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Second International Conference on Traffic and Transport Engineering (ICTTE)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7646999955177307,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116078332","https://openalex.org/W629047089","https://openalex.org/W2094249634","https://openalex.org/W1524174154","https://openalex.org/W1516967005","https://openalex.org/W98288489","https://openalex.org/W2280985357","https://openalex.org/W1890356291","https://openalex.org/W591330322","https://openalex.org/W643709235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"infrastructure":[1],"charging":[2,70,101],"plays":[3],"a":[4,162],"key":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,91,196,215],"the":[8,23,34,37,48,51,55,73,82,92,97,126,136,159,185,202,222,232,246],"EU":[9],"framework":[10,31],"aiming":[11],"at":[12,78],"an":[13,139],"effective":[14],"and":[15,26,43,68,80,108,114,117,132,206,242],"fair":[16],"use":[17,49],"of":[18,36,50,57,84,99,138,161,184,198,217,234],"transport":[19,115,163],"policies":[20],"to":[21,33,41,65,129,169],"promote":[22],"'user":[24],"pays'":[25,28],"'polluter":[27],"principle.":[29],"The":[30,75,122,189],"contributes":[32],"internalisation":[35],"external":[38],"costs":[39],"related":[40,128],"environmental":[42,113],"social":[44],"impacts":[45,194],"generated":[46],"by":[47,153,176],"road":[52,61,100,120,187],"infrastructure.":[53],"Furthermore,":[54],"application":[56,83],"common":[58],"rules":[59],"on":[60,149,201,226],"tolls":[62],"is":[63],"foreseen":[64],"apply":[66],"harmonised":[67],"transparent":[69],"mechanisms":[71],"across":[72],"EU.":[74],"paper":[76,123],"aims":[77],"investigating":[79],"evaluating":[81],"more":[85],"efficient":[86],"integrated":[87,140],"motorways":[88],"toll":[89,147],"schemes":[90,236],"Lombardia":[93],"Region":[94],"(Italy),":[95],"testing":[96],"potential":[98],"taking":[102,143],"into":[103,144],"account":[104,145],"not":[105],"only":[106],"economic":[107,133],"financial":[109],"aspects,":[110],"but":[111],"also":[112,213],"impacts,":[116],"fairness":[118],"towards":[119],"users.":[121],"analyses":[124],"first":[125],"issues":[127],"legal,":[130],"regulatory":[131],"aspects":[134],"for":[135,219],"implementation":[137],"management":[141],"approach,":[142],"current":[146],"differentiation":[148,175],"network":[150],"segments":[151],"managed":[152],"different":[154,171,235],"companies.":[155],"Then":[156],"it":[157],"presents":[158],"results":[160,191],"model":[164,190],"which":[165],"has":[166],"been":[167],"implemented":[168],"test":[170],"pricing":[172],"policies,":[173],"including":[174],"emission":[177],"standard,":[178],"truck":[179],"vehicle":[180],"dimension,":[181],"time":[182],"period":[183],"day,":[186],"type.":[188],"show":[192],"significant":[193,224],"particularly":[195],"terms":[197,216],"traffic":[199],"distribution":[200,244],"network,":[203],"while":[204],"congestion":[205],"emissions":[207],"are":[208,212],"less":[209],"affected.":[210],"Impacts":[211],"relevant":[214],"revenues":[218,243],"private":[220,239],"operators,":[221],"most":[223],"ones":[225],"newly":[227],"planned":[228],"motorway,":[229],"highlighting":[230],"how":[231],"adoption":[233],"could":[237],"affect":[238],"investment":[240],"sustainability":[241],"among":[245],"operators.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}