{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2496754111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","title":"Variance-Based Sensitivity Analysis to Support Simulation-Based Design Under Uncertainty","display_name":"Variance-Based Sensitivity Analysis to Support Simulation-Based Design Under Uncertainty","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2496754111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","mag":"2496754111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4034224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","pdf_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/mechanicaldesign/article-pdf/138/11/111410/6400690/md_138_11_111410.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88457320","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","issn_l":"0161-8458","issn":["0161-8458","1050-0472","1528-9001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321320","host_organization_name":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321320"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Mechanical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/mechanicaldesign/article-pdf/138/11/111410/6400690/md_138_11_111410.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085242890","display_name":"Max M. J. Opgenoord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-2566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-2566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Max M. J. Opgenoord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015668401","display_name":"Douglas Allaire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-8412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-8412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas L. Allaire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017431306","display_name":"Karen E. Willcox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-9338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-9338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karen E. Willcox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015668401","https://openalex.org/A5017431306","https://openalex.org/A5085242890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5007,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90621138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-based-sensitivity-indices","display_name":"variance-based sensitivity indices","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-reduction","display_name":"uncertainty reduction","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"global sensitivity analysis","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-under-uncertainty","display_name":"engineering design under uncertainty","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.7523865699768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.7018471956253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177803969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","level":2,"score":0.6727765202522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108311543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915756","display_name":"Variance-based sensitivity analysis","level":4,"score":0.6670742034912109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176147448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889114","display_name":"Sensitivity analysis","level":3,"score":0.606329083442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62644790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454689","display_name":"Variance reduction","level":3,"score":0.5705009698867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5339431166648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.505547285079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94361409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882500","display_name":"Uncertainty reduction theory","level":2,"score":0.47799721360206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4727918803691864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.43826907873153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3738465905189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3606618642807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3359009921550751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3354639410972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.24173372983932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.17872491478919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152587130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092351","display_name":"One-way analysis of variance","level":3,"score":0.16049730777740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15920096635818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4034224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","pdf_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/mechanicaldesign/article-pdf/138/11/111410/6400690/md_138_11_111410.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88457320","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","issn_l":"0161-8458","issn":["0161-8458","1050-0472","1528-9001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321320","host_organization_name":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321320"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Mechanical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1423944","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1423944","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1423944","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/106283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-2566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Prof. Willcox via Barbara Williams","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4034224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034224","pdf_url":"https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/mechanicaldesign/article-pdf/138/11/111410/6400690/md_138_11_111410.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88457320","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","issn_l":"0161-8458","issn":["0161-8458","1050-0472","1528-9001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321320","host_organization_name":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321320"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Mechanical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1316938571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010FG02\u201008ER2585","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3132518944","display_name":"SCALABLE MULTIFIDELITY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION: NEXT GENERATION AIRCRAFT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.","funder_award_id":"NNX14AC73A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3713213284","display_name":"DEVELOPMENT OF TRULY NONINVASIVE ULTRAFAST IMAGING DIAGNOSTICS AND ADVANCED PLASMA FLOW SOLVER FOR","funder_award_id":"DESC0009637","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4320817027","display_name":"DIAMOND: AN INTEGRATED MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO MATHEMATICS AT THE INTERFACE OF DATA, MODELS, AND DECISIONS","funder_award_id":"DESC0009297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2496754111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2496754111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79383899","https://openalex.org/W100464641","https://openalex.org/W575374134","https://openalex.org/W999207820","https://openalex.org/W1538934584","https://openalex.org/W1551480811","https://openalex.org/W1580107896","https://openalex.org/W1639564182","https://openalex.org/W1969611726","https://openalex.org/W1972955129","https://openalex.org/W1984943006","https://openalex.org/W1994080277","https://openalex.org/W2004132656","https://openalex.org/W2005999347","https://openalex.org/W2006772343","https://openalex.org/W2009804339","https://openalex.org/W2026645785","https://openalex.org/W2036801991","https://openalex.org/W2037023604","https://openalex.org/W2038669746","https://openalex.org/W2043419861","https://openalex.org/W2044582942","https://openalex.org/W2049774453","https://openalex.org/W2057333333","https://openalex.org/W2063847981","https://openalex.org/W2071471925","https://openalex.org/W2072343919","https://openalex.org/W2087040335","https://openalex.org/W2088174986","https://openalex.org/W2088319833","https://openalex.org/W2093145699","https://openalex.org/W2097441841","https://openalex.org/W2112147653","https://openalex.org/W2117929919","https://openalex.org/W2126116005","https://openalex.org/W2174206343","https://openalex.org/W2308729808","https://openalex.org/W2316752818","https://openalex.org/W2331251177","https://openalex.org/W2460210459","https://openalex.org/W2568283272","https://openalex.org/W3197480921","https://openalex.org/W4241793634","https://openalex.org/W4248413884","https://openalex.org/W4249517230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238146109","https://openalex.org/W2794258169","https://openalex.org/W2031724906","https://openalex.org/W1540493738","https://openalex.org/W3097926108","https://openalex.org/W1966477993","https://openalex.org/W2015817914","https://openalex.org/W2325544961","https://openalex.org/W4234555137","https://openalex.org/W4247943386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensitivity":[0],"analysis":[1,19,45,68,148],"plays":[2],"a":[3,63,79,84,99,110,141],"critical":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,9,62,75,126],"quantifying":[7],"uncertainty":[8,73,105,162],"the":[10,25,35,38,60,72,76,91,95,102,115,133,137,146],"design":[11,64,128,139],"of":[12,27,37,41,101,104,132,140],"engineering":[13,127],"systems.":[14],"A":[15],"variance-based":[16,85],"global":[17],"sensitivity":[18,67,86,147],"is":[20,57],"often":[21],"used":[22,125],"to":[23,34,54,94,121,136,152,160],"rank":[24],"importance":[26],"input":[28,49],"factors,":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31,156],"their":[32],"contribution":[33,93],"variance":[36,97],"output":[39,96],"quantity":[40],"interest.":[42],"However,":[43],"this":[44],"assumes":[46],"that":[47,89],"all":[48],"variability":[50],"can":[51],"be":[52],"reduced":[53],"zero,":[55],"which":[56],"typically":[58],"not":[59],"case":[61],"setting.":[65],"Distributional":[66],"(DSA)":[69],"instead":[70],"treats":[71],"reduction":[74,163],"inputs":[77],"as":[78,98],"random":[80],"variable,":[81],"and":[82,118,154,158],"defines":[83],"index":[87],"function":[88,100],"characterizes":[90],"relative":[92],"amount":[103],"reduction.":[106],"This":[107],"paper":[108],"develops":[109],"computationally":[111],"efficient":[112],"implementation":[113],"for":[114],"DSA":[116,134],"formulation":[117],"extends":[119],"it":[120],"include":[122],"distributions":[123],"commonly":[124],"under":[129],"uncertainty.":[130],"Application":[131],"method":[135],"conceptual":[138],"commercial":[142],"jetliner":[143],"demonstrates":[144],"how":[145,159],"provides":[149],"valuable":[150],"information":[151],"designers":[153],"decision-makers":[155],"where":[157],"target":[161],"efforts.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
