{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2496282956","doi":null,"title":"Minor alleles of common SNPs quantitatively affect traits/diseases and are under both positive and negative selection","display_name":"Minor alleles of common SNPs quantitatively affect traits/diseases and are under both positive and negative selection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2496282956","mag":"2496282956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2496282956","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.2911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.2911","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112553609","display_name":"Dejian Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2158"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejian Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-2158","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015011842","display_name":"Zuobin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1022-5943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1022-5943"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuobin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1022-5943","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992391","display_name":"Xiaohua Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-5301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-5301","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1067-4076","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-2478"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-5301","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002155632","display_name":"Jie Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-8941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-8941"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-8941","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057807403","display_name":"Ceng Zeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ceng Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010186416","display_name":"Jiegen Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiegen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450278","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2873-9144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2873-9144","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5305-3907","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-4946"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-4946","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101647763","display_name":"Long Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-8744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-8744"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-8744","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003987814","display_name":"Ay\u00e7a Do\u011fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8327"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ay\u00e7a Do\u011fan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8327","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023253476","display_name":"Gudrun A. Brockmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-2947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-2947"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gudrun A. Brockmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-2947","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026062674","display_name":"Oliver Goldmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-9782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-9782"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Goldmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-9782","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074513891","display_name":"Eva Medina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-3260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-3260"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-3260","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087428688","display_name":"Amanda D. Rice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-2160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-2160"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda D. Rice","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-2160","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111719275","display_name":"Richard W. Moyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard W. Moyer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090771703","display_name":"Xian Man","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Man","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101459891","display_name":"Ke Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-6870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-6870"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-6870","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920820","display_name":"Yanke Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1114-2963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1114-2963"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanke Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1114-2963","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058741602","display_name":"Qing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-553X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-553X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031064662","display_name":"Yimin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-0341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-0341"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-0341","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416781","display_name":"Dapeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-4574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-4574"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dapeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-4574","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079522545","display_name":"Jun Jian Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-4102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-4102"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-4102","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-6933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-6933"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-6933","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049361243","display_name":"Kun Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-6002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-6002","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4696-5006"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-6002","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019420069","display_name":"Shi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-2830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-2830"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-2830","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.7437000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.7437000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.20229999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.020800000056624413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minor-alleles","display_name":"minor alleles","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-distance","display_name":"genetic distance","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutral-theory","display_name":"neutral theory","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-selection","display_name":"positive selection","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-selection","display_name":"negative selection","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-traits","display_name":"complex traits","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-diseases","display_name":"common diseases","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-organisms","display_name":"model organisms","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease","display_name":"autoimmune disease","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifespan","display_name":"lifespan","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-sensitivity","display_name":"drug sensitivity","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-susceptibility","display_name":"disease susceptibility","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5449378490447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.5398878455162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.517553985118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70616004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532885","display_name":"Genetic correlation","level":4,"score":0.4358506500720978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.3409309983253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.12202486395835876}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2496282956","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.2911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2496282956","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.2911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487781539","https://openalex.org/W1604614037","https://openalex.org/W1675830194","https://openalex.org/W1882058608","https://openalex.org/W1963554221","https://openalex.org/W1964128403","https://openalex.org/W1971583765","https://openalex.org/W1975640329","https://openalex.org/W1980991473","https://openalex.org/W1989876752","https://openalex.org/W1995887054","https://openalex.org/W2007325254","https://openalex.org/W2014596655","https://openalex.org/W2020104218","https://openalex.org/W2021714239","https://openalex.org/W2023171821","https://openalex.org/W2049545676","https://openalex.org/W2055577456","https://openalex.org/W2069298789","https://openalex.org/W2070989829","https://openalex.org/W2072208192","https://openalex.org/W2075654334","https://openalex.org/W2084858930","https://openalex.org/W2086391970","https://openalex.org/W2094248448","https://openalex.org/W2098597355","https://openalex.org/W2106204393","https://openalex.org/W2112991137","https://openalex.org/W2115801316","https://openalex.org/W2120317645","https://openalex.org/W2127205775","https://openalex.org/W2134783591","https://openalex.org/W2145081020","https://openalex.org/W2149284026","https://openalex.org/W2157033163","https://openalex.org/W2161633633","https://openalex.org/W2168433590","https://openalex.org/W2330622145","https://openalex.org/W2414701338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2279010964","https://openalex.org/W1557025234","https://openalex.org/W2788304168","https://openalex.org/W1967839604","https://openalex.org/W2074498980","https://openalex.org/W7118075313","https://openalex.org/W1999822725","https://openalex.org/W2168297223","https://openalex.org/W172818335","https://openalex.org/W7099195119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,280],"understanding":[2],"of":[3,8,22,80,84,98,124,132,197,199,282,288],"the":[4,13,18,58,78,104,110,129,274,285],"genetic":[5,27,46,73,99,286],"equidistance":[6],"result":[7],"Margoliash":[9],"that":[10,113,251],"originally":[11],"inspired":[12],"neutral":[14,257],"theory":[15],"has":[16],"disproven":[17],"theory\u2019s":[19],"implicit":[20],"message":[21],"a":[23,40,279],"forever":[24],"correlation":[25],"between":[26],"distance":[28],"and":[29,44,92,102,109,127,160,168,178,180,187,210,223,227,234,245,265,277],"time.":[30],"The":[31],"more":[32],"complete":[33],"Maximum":[34],"Genetic":[35],"Diversity":[36],"(MGD)":[37],"hypothesis":[38,276],"is":[39],"newly":[41],"proposed":[42],"alternative":[43],"considers":[45],"diversity":[47,74],"today":[48],"to":[49,60,146,163,208,262],"be":[50,255],"mostly":[51],"at":[52],"an":[53],"optimum":[54],"equilibrium.":[55],"To":[56],"use":[57],"MGD":[59,275],"help":[61],"solve":[62],"major":[63],"biomedical":[64],"problems,":[65],"we":[66],"here":[67],"asked":[68],"whether":[69],"extreme":[70,89,240],"values":[71,91,241],"in":[72,106,139,149,172,191,242],"as":[75],"represented":[76],"by":[77],"amount":[79],"minor":[81],"alleles":[82],"(MAs)":[83],"common":[85,93],"SNPs":[86],"may":[87,254],"represent":[88],"trait":[90],"diseases.":[94],"We":[95,117],"analyzed":[96,119],"panels":[97],"reference":[100],"populations":[101],"identified":[103,128],"MAs":[105,198,253],"each":[107,114,133],"panel":[108],"MA":[111,130,137,236],"fractions":[112,131],"strain":[115],"carried.":[116],"also":[118],"21":[120],"published":[121],"GWAS":[122],"datasets":[123],"human":[125],"diseases":[126,213],"case":[134],"or":[135,193,258],"control.":[136],"amounts":[138,237],"model":[140],"organisms":[141],"were":[142],"nearly":[143,256],"linearly":[144],"linked":[145,207],"quantitative":[147],"variations":[148],"numerous":[150,211],"traits":[151,183,244],"including":[152,214],"life":[153,229],"span,":[154],"tumor":[155],"susceptibility,":[156],"anxiety,":[157],"depression,":[158],"learning":[159],"memory,":[161],"sensitivity":[162],"alcohol,":[164],"methamphetamine,":[165],"cocaine,":[166],"pain":[167],"anti-psychotic":[169],"drugs,":[170],"levels":[171],"glucose,":[173],"insulin,":[174],"resistin,":[175],"IL17,":[176],"iron,":[177],"dopamine,":[179],"two":[181],"correlated":[182,238],"poor":[184],"reproductive":[185],"fitness":[186],"strong":[188],"immunity.":[189],"Similarly,":[190],"Europeans":[192],"European":[194],"Americans,":[195],"enrichment":[196],"fast":[200],"but":[201],"not":[202],"slow":[203],"evolutionary":[204],"rate":[205],"was":[206],"autoimmune":[209],"other":[212],"type":[215],"2":[216],"diabetes,":[217],"Parkinson\u2019s":[218],"disease,":[219],"psychiatric":[220],"disorders,":[221],"alcohol":[222],"cocaine":[224],"addictions,":[225],"cancer,":[226],"less":[228],"span.":[230],"Therefore,":[231],"both":[232,263],"high":[233],"low":[235],"with":[239],"many":[243],"are":[246],"hence":[247],"negatively":[248],"selected,":[249],"indicating":[250],"most":[252],"slightly":[259],"deleterious":[260],"due":[261],"positive":[264],"negative":[266],"selection.":[267],"These":[268],"results":[269],"add":[270],"further":[271],"evidence":[272],"for":[273],"open":[278],"avenue":[281],"inquiry":[283],"into":[284],"basis":[287],"complex":[289],"traits/diseases.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}