{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2495979632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137353894_4","title":"Friends Groups: \u201cYou Get By with a Little Help from Your Friends\u201d","display_name":"Friends Groups: \u201cYou Get By with a Little Help from Your Friends\u201d","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2495979632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137353894_4","mag":"2495979632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/9781137353894_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137353894_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137353894_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463717","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philanthropy and the National Park Service","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2487230021","display_name":"Philanthropy and the National Park Service"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jacqueline Vaughn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline Vaughn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051405888","display_name":"Hanna J. Cortner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanna J. Cortner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21295952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"71","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12837","display_name":"American Environmental and Regional History","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12837","display_name":"American Environmental and Regional History","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.2094999998807907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.149399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier-national-park","display_name":"Glacier National Park","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/going-to-the-sun-road","display_name":"Going-to-the-Sun Road","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-workers","display_name":"seasonal workers","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-park-service","display_name":"National Park Service","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-work","display_name":"seasonal employment","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-plowing","display_name":"snow plowing","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/park-tourism","display_name":"park tourism","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.8555957078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.6792058944702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5479018688201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5411654114723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67101536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535910","display_name":"George (robot)","level":2,"score":0.47871971130371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781290007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044530","display_name":"Snow removal","level":3,"score":0.46956467628479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46525129675865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.4344242811203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4238263964653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3992760479450226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37542447447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3478795289993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.27884823083877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2751953601837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.21623677015304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.20597636699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20056670904159546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.06349146366119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/9781137353894_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137353894_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137353894_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463717","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philanthropy and the National Park Service","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1890070598","https://openalex.org/W2481643941","https://openalex.org/W2789497055","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W573488604","https://openalex.org/W647512235","https://openalex.org/W646111525","https://openalex.org/W2576834966","https://openalex.org/W1794540804","https://openalex.org/W3209243947","https://openalex.org/W3208659007","https://openalex.org/W7026505869","https://openalex.org/W7205121597","https://openalex.org/W809480084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0],"n":[1],"Glacier":[2],"National":[3,21,52],"Park":[4,53,118],"in":[5,61,71],"Montana,":[6],"visitors":[7],"can":[8,89],"cross":[9],"the":[10,13,17,50,76,129,132,136,150,166,173,179],"park":[11],"and":[12,24,46,134,163,172],"Continental":[14],"Divide":[15],"using":[16],"Going-to-the-Sun":[18],"Road,":[19],"a":[20,25,36],"Historic":[22,26],"Landmark":[23,29],"Civil":[27],"Engineering":[28],"constructed":[30],"from":[31],"1921":[32],"to":[33,80,84,99,106,143,149],"1932":[34],"at":[35,92],"cost":[37],"of":[38,49,75,87,113],"$2.5":[39],"million.":[40],"The":[41,117],"two-lane":[42],"road":[43,137],"is":[44,138,170],"narrow":[45],"winding,":[47],"one":[48,74],"first":[51],"Service":[54,119],"(NPS)":[55],"projects":[56],"specifically":[57],"designed":[58],"for":[59,128],"tourists":[60],"automobiles":[62],"when":[63],"it":[64],"was":[65],"conceived":[66],"by":[67,161,165],"Superintendent":[68],"George":[69],"Goodwin":[70],"1917.":[72],"Considered":[73],"most":[77],"difficult":[78],"roads":[79],"snowplow":[81],"each":[82],"spring\u2014up":[83],"80":[85],"feet":[86,112],"snow":[88,114],"be":[90,176],"found":[91],"Logan":[93],"Pass\u2014it":[94],"often":[95],"takes":[96],"ten":[97],"weeks":[98],"plow":[100],"completely":[101],"with":[102],"crews":[103,130],"sometimes":[104],"able":[105],"clear":[107],"as":[108,110,125,178],"little":[109],"500":[111],"per":[115],"day.":[116],"hires":[120],"seasonal":[121,145],"employees":[122,146],"who":[123],"work":[124],"avalanche":[126],"spotters":[127],"plowing":[131],"road,":[133],"once":[135],"open,":[139],"an":[140],"additional":[141],"350":[142],"370":[144],"are":[147],"added":[148,160],"park\u2019s":[151],"135":[152],"full-time,":[153],"year-round":[154],"staff.":[155],"1":[156],"These":[157],"keywords":[158,174],"were":[159],"machine":[162],"not":[164],"authors.":[167],"This":[168],"process":[169],"experimental":[171],"may":[175],"updated":[177],"learning":[180],"algorithm":[181],"improves.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
