{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2494958745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","title":"Overexpression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma","display_name":"Overexpression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2494958745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","mag":"2494958745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27456947","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5266389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4143/crt.2016.066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","pdf_url":"http://www.e-crt.org/upload/pdf/crt-2016-066.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21122719","display_name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","issn_l":"1598-2998","issn":["1598-2998","2005-9256"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","kci-candidate","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319474","host_organization_name":"Korean Cancer Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319474"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Cancer Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.e-crt.org/upload/pdf/crt-2016-066.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064628266","display_name":"Hae Il Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-0086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-0086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137460","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan","ror":"https://ror.org/04h8jph19","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460","https://openalex.org/I4405258881"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hae Il Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036729023","display_name":"Dongjun Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-5668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-5668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongjun Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058754970","display_name":"Sanghee Ji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghee Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070856229","display_name":"Tae Sung Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-0365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-0365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137460","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan","ror":"https://ror.org/04h8jph19","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460","https://openalex.org/I4405258881"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae Sung Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033798763","display_name":"Sang Ho Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-0013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-0013"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137460","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan","ror":"https://ror.org/04h8jph19","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460","https://openalex.org/I4405258881"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Ho Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022354952","display_name":"Susie Chin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-1483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-1483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256198","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon","ror":"https://ror.org/03wg7b808","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256198"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susie Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102777320","display_name":"Jun Chul Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-7974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-7974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256198","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon","ror":"https://ror.org/03wg7b808","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256198"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chul Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107275521","display_name":"Hyung Chul K\u0131m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8095-6902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8095-6902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256198","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon","ror":"https://ror.org/03wg7b808","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256198"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung Chul Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101987552","display_name":"Moon Soo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-1331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-1331","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-0385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137460","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan","ror":"https://ror.org/04h8jph19","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460","https://openalex.org/I4405258881"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moon Soo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068809063","display_name":"Moo Jun Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-6687","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-6687"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137460","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan","ror":"https://ror.org/04h8jph19","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460","https://openalex.org/I4405258881"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moo-Jun Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068809063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011","https://openalex.org/I4210137460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2594,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":206,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98549615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"246","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.7285000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.267300009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11297","display_name":"Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-l1","display_name":"PD-L1","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-l2","display_name":"PD-L2","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-1-ligands","display_name":"PD-1 ligands","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-survival","display_name":"overall survival","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-free-survival","display_name":"disease-free survival","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-size","display_name":"tumor size","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histological-differentiation","display_name":"histological differentiation","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-recurrence","display_name":"tumor recurrence","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-proteins","display_name":"immune checkpoint molecules","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9569870233535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.9084805846214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33525","display_name":"Carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.5240167379379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5166054368019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.41435953974723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3720570206642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.36574578285217285}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009362","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Metastasis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009367","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Staging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014408","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers, Tumor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053208","descriptor_name":"Kaplan-Meier Estimate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060787","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Grading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060890","descriptor_name":"B7-H1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060890","descriptor_name":"B7-H1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061027","descriptor_name":"Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061027","descriptor_name":"Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4143/crt.2016.066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","pdf_url":"http://www.e-crt.org/upload/pdf/crt-2016-066.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21122719","display_name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","issn_l":"1598-2998","issn":["1598-2998","2005-9256"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","kci-candidate","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319474","host_organization_name":"Korean Cancer Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319474"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Cancer Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27456947","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27456947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research and treatment","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5266389","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5266389/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Res Treat","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4143/crt.2016.066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.066","pdf_url":"http://www.e-crt.org/upload/pdf/crt-2016-066.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21122719","display_name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","issn_l":"1598-2998","issn":["1598-2998","2005-9256"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","kci-candidate","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319474","host_organization_name":"Korean Cancer Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319474"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Cancer Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Research and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321301","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2494958745.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2494958745.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115125409","https://openalex.org/W1848280713","https://openalex.org/W1969765578","https://openalex.org/W1971890973","https://openalex.org/W1991235944","https://openalex.org/W2026196315","https://openalex.org/W2049750787","https://openalex.org/W2052730188","https://openalex.org/W2066671159","https://openalex.org/W2073382063","https://openalex.org/W2074454470","https://openalex.org/W2095692889","https://openalex.org/W2102575291","https://openalex.org/W2118982164","https://openalex.org/W2136313650","https://openalex.org/W2142908348","https://openalex.org/W2144547008","https://openalex.org/W2146506192","https://openalex.org/W2160834915","https://openalex.org/W2161558877","https://openalex.org/W2162667703","https://openalex.org/W2323879217","https://openalex.org/W2560367415","https://openalex.org/W4245403358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607103568","https://openalex.org/W2162667703","https://openalex.org/W3014781146","https://openalex.org/W4307229096","https://openalex.org/W2485997743","https://openalex.org/W2946756132","https://openalex.org/W2889857710","https://openalex.org/W2061421862","https://openalex.org/W2613589727","https://openalex.org/W4362519802"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Hepatocellular":[1],"carcinoma":[2],"(HCC)":[3],"is":[4,222,243],"one":[5],"of":[6,14,39,74,86,90,124,198,217,231],"the":[7,12,37],"most":[8],"aggressive":[9],"malignancies.":[10],"Recently,":[11],"overexpression":[13,216],"programmed":[15],"cell":[16],"death":[17],"1":[18,23],"(PD-1)":[19],"and":[20,46,92,96,116,152,163,176,191,226,233,238],"PD-1":[21,42,232],"ligand":[22,43],"(PD-L1)":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26,51],"shown":[27],"to":[28,147,158,171,182],"correlate":[29],"with":[30,67,129,195,207,224],"poor":[31],"prognosis":[32],"in":[33,54,127,219],"many":[34],"cancers.":[35],"However,":[36],"expression":[38,73,88,112,118,165,197,209],"PD-L1":[40,91,111,164],"or":[41],"2":[44],"(PD-L2)":[45],"clinical":[47],"outcomes":[48],"have":[49],"not":[50],"fully":[52],"investigated":[53],"HCC.":[55,130],"MATERIALS":[56],"AND":[57],"METHODS:":[58],"Formalin-fixed":[59],"paraffin-embedded":[60],"samples":[61],"were":[62,120,185],"obtained":[63],"from":[64],"85":[65],"patients":[66,128,221],"HCC":[68,220,242],"who":[69],"underwent":[70],"surgery.":[71],"The":[72,84,215],"PD-Ls":[75,199,218,234],"(PD-L1,":[76],"PD-L2)":[77],"was":[78,94],"evaluated":[79],"by":[80],"immunohistochemical":[81],"analysis.":[82],"RESULTS:":[83],"proportion":[85],"high":[87,196],"groups":[89],"PD-L2":[93,117],"27.1%":[95],"23.5%,":[97],"respectively.":[98],"Univariate":[99],"analysis":[100,132],"revealed":[101,133],"that":[102,134],"tumor":[103,136,227],"size":[104,137],"(p":[105,113,210],"<":[106,114,150,161,174,211],"0.001),":[107,115],"histological":[108],"differentiation":[109],"(p=0.010),":[110],"(p=0.039)":[119],"significant":[121],"prognostic":[122,187],"factors":[123],"overall":[125,135,190],"survival":[126,204,225],"Multivariate":[131],"(hazard":[138],"ratio":[139],"[HR],":[140],"4.131;":[141],"95%":[142,155,168,179],"confidence":[143],"interval":[144],"[CI],":[145],"2.233":[146],"7.643;":[148],"p":[149,160,173],"0.001":[151,175],"HR,":[153,177],"3.455;":[154],"CI,":[156,169,180],"1.967":[157],"6.067;":[159],"0.001)":[162],"(HR,":[166],"5.172;":[167],"2.661":[170],"10.054;":[172],"3.730;":[178],"1.453":[181],"9.574;":[183],"p=0.006)":[184],"independent":[186],"values":[188],"for":[189,241],"disease-free":[192],"survival.":[193],"Patients":[194],"had":[200],"a":[201],"significantly":[202],"poorer":[203],"than":[205],"those":[206],"low":[208],"0.001,":[212],"p=0.034).":[213],"CONCLUSION:":[214],"correlated":[223],"recurrence.":[228],"Further":[229],"evaluation":[230],"as":[235],"therapeutic":[236],"targets":[237],"predictive":[239],"biomarkers":[240],"warranted.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
