{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2493768264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","title":"Instrument Light Exposure in Pediatric Testing","display_name":"Instrument Light Exposure in Pediatric Testing","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2493768264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","mag":"2493768264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087260","display_name":"Vision Science and its Applications (VSIA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Science and its Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109882540","display_name":"Paulette P. Schmidt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulette P. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exceptional Child and Infant Vision Testing Lab, The Ohio, State University, College of Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210-1240"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exceptional Child and Infant Vision Testing Lab, The Ohio, State University, College of Optometry, Columbus, OH 43210-1240","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109882540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22891566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"FF5","last_page":"FF5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14384","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmic-instruments","display_name":"ophthalmic instruments","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-eye-examination","display_name":"pediatric eye examination","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incoherent-light","display_name":"incoherent light","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-safety","display_name":"eye safety","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-safety","display_name":"laser safety","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-visual-development","display_name":"infant visual development","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmoscope","display_name":"ophthalmoscope","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-light","display_name":"coherent light","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781427961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430024","display_name":"Human eye","level":2,"score":0.7801424264907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.7187014222145081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.5813639163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5126134753227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992234860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Eye care","level":2,"score":0.5044370889663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.34657931327819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.270224392414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22418081760406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15366214513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08194008469581604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/vsia.2000.ff5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087260","display_name":"Vision Science and its Applications (VSIA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Vision Science and its Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5684781","https://openalex.org/W142308386","https://openalex.org/W196834612","https://openalex.org/W1967155965","https://openalex.org/W1981491988","https://openalex.org/W1999877572","https://openalex.org/W2014436989","https://openalex.org/W2015580811","https://openalex.org/W2030751227","https://openalex.org/W2041731515","https://openalex.org/W2075051413","https://openalex.org/W2094302526","https://openalex.org/W2206257506","https://openalex.org/W2290312602","https://openalex.org/W4232218030","https://openalex.org/W4235990629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W78553963","https://openalex.org/W1984730694","https://openalex.org/W4253868004","https://openalex.org/W2001059359","https://openalex.org/W1981491988","https://openalex.org/W2090598030","https://openalex.org/W1996904901","https://openalex.org/W2150104595","https://openalex.org/W3156509046","https://openalex.org/W161071170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ophthalmoscopes":[0],"were":[1],"brought":[2],"into":[3,26],"use":[4,13,28,35,62],"in":[5,14,29,41,52,66,73,129,161],"the":[6,15,30,44,61,67,79,99,103,111,136,147],"1850\u2019s":[7],"at":[8],"which":[9],"time":[10],"opposition":[11],"to":[12,98,120,141],"human":[16,100,112,152],"eye":[17,118,128],"was":[18],"voiced":[19],"but":[20],"subsequently":[21],"faded":[22],"away.1,2":[23],"Lasers":[24],"came":[25],"ophthalmic":[27,70,123],"1960's.":[31],"Guidelines":[32],"for":[33,60],"safe":[34],"of":[36,63,69,86,96,105,110,116,145,151],"coherent":[37],"light":[38,65,97],"are":[39,155],"published":[40],"depth":[42],"by":[43],"American":[45],"National":[46],"Standards":[47],"Institute":[48],"(ANSI":[49],"Z136.3":[50],"guidelines)":[51],"1996.3":[53],"No":[54],"specifically":[55],"enumerated":[56],"standards":[57],"yet":[58],"exist":[59],"incoherent":[64],"litany":[68],"instruments":[71],"used":[72],"vision":[74,87],"care":[75],"today.":[76],"However,":[77],"over":[78,164],"past":[80],"15-20":[81],"years":[82],"an":[83],"increasing":[84],"body":[85],"science":[88],"literature":[89],"has":[90],"raised":[91],"concern":[92],"about":[93],"potential":[94],"hazards":[95],"eye.4'21":[101],"In":[102],"course":[104],"clinical":[106],"examination":[107],"and/or":[108],"treatment":[109],"eye,":[113],"repeated":[114],"exposure":[115],"that":[117],"(retina)":[119],"emissions":[121],"from":[122],"instrumentation":[124],"is":[125,132],"standard.":[126],"The":[127],"this":[130],"environment":[131],"frequently":[133],"immobile":[134],"and":[135,158],"pupil":[137],"dilated.":[138],"Further,":[139],"due":[140],"newly":[142],"developed":[143],"methods":[144],"assessing":[146],"developing":[148],"visual":[149],"system":[150],"infants,":[153],"examinations":[154],"conducted":[156],"earlier":[157],"ultimately":[159],"occur":[160],"greater":[162],"number":[163],"a":[165],"lifetime.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}