{"id":"https://openalex.org/W24935463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","title":"The informal economy","display_name":"The informal economy","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W24935463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","mag":"24935463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130638383","display_name":"Futures","issn_l":"0016-3287","issn":["0016-3287","1873-6378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Futures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037449923","display_name":"Jonathan Gershuny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-0257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-0257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.I. Gershuny","raw_affiliation_strings":["The author is with the Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Palmer, Brighton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The author is with the Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Palmer, Brighton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037449923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"apc_list":{"value":2370,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2370},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.0751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":968,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99091741,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-economy","display_name":"household economy","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communal-economy","display_name":"communal economy","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-economy","display_name":"shadow economy","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-evasion","display_name":"tax evasion","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-jobs","display_name":"moonlighting","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-policy","display_name":"welfare policy","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-modification","display_name":"lifestyle modification","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64089585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944235","display_name":"Informal sector","level":2,"score":0.7993254661560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6662128567695618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6060675382614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30425244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221088","display_name":"Service economy","level":2,"score":0.5816472768783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5685989856719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106306483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183984","display_name":"Futures contract","level":2,"score":0.5376737117767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.5220254063606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5189261436462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5095798969268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.48783400654792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989421709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6502151","display_name":"Tax evasion","level":2,"score":0.4699656665325165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4664926528930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44163915514945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4132891297340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.37428557872772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.25559002161026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12014997005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(79)90065-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130638383","display_name":"Futures","issn_l":"0016-3287","issn":["0016-3287","1873-6378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Futures","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.46149998903274536}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.49000000953674316}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1841215437","https://openalex.org/W1989180782","https://openalex.org/W2003822379","https://openalex.org/W2125058066","https://openalex.org/W2143349296","https://openalex.org/W2331496773","https://openalex.org/W2333310813","https://openalex.org/W2478015190","https://openalex.org/W2997034959","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807599069","https://openalex.org/W181375496","https://openalex.org/W1559271848","https://openalex.org/W4299294398","https://openalex.org/W2801939513","https://openalex.org/W2366303064","https://openalex.org/W4300043818","https://openalex.org/W2252874631","https://openalex.org/W1517555909","https://openalex.org/W2932674349"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":58}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
