{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2491846151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","title":"Relations with maritime Europeans, 1514\u20131662","display_name":"Relations with maritime Europeans, 1514\u20131662","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2491846151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","mag":"2491846151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge History of China","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211263680","display_name":"The Cambridge History of China"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001737681","display_name":"John E. Wills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-3207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-3207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John E. Wills, Jr.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001737681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18353283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"333","last_page":"375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13215","display_name":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13215","display_name":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.041099999099969864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13665","display_name":"Legal and cultural studies analysis","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-china-relations","display_name":"EU-China relations","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-trade","display_name":"maritime trade","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribute-system","display_name":"tribute system","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-merchants","display_name":"Chinese merchants","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-china-sea-trade","display_name":"South China Sea trade","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nagasaki","display_name":"Nagasaki","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macau","display_name":"Macau","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manila","display_name":"Manila","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/late-ming-society","display_name":"late Ming society","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ming-foreign-policy","display_name":"Ming foreign policy","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-world-system","display_name":"modern world-system","score":0.527999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7526994943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779707719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063239","display_name":"Polity","level":3,"score":0.6881101727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.6129558086395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462027","display_name":"Flourishing","level":2,"score":0.6072221994400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.5385163426399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.5288711190223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.5034992098808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44544824957847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4448690414428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.43720555305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.42301803827285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.3490990400314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2993345856666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2605239450931549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13532814383506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13397911190986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243339.009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cambridge History of China","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":362,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33786274","https://openalex.org/W39731659","https://openalex.org/W109307821","https://openalex.org/W193546670","https://openalex.org/W202154443","https://openalex.org/W421210367","https://openalex.org/W431564342","https://openalex.org/W563868059","https://openalex.org/W568366693","https://openalex.org/W575943965","https://openalex.org/W576195751","https://openalex.org/W580372301","https://openalex.org/W582365537","https://openalex.org/W586034347","https://openalex.org/W587881080","https://openalex.org/W588222605","https://openalex.org/W595109323","https://openalex.org/W601233959","https://openalex.org/W604659313","https://openalex.org/W608050050","https://openalex.org/W609443633","https://openalex.org/W609463478","https://openalex.org/W615396819","https://openalex.org/W619900982","https://openalex.org/W627836526","https://openalex.org/W629905383","https://openalex.org/W629992741","https://openalex.org/W631911602","https://openalex.org/W639298226","https://openalex.org/W642099468","https://openalex.org/W649597318","https://openalex.org/W656571417","https://openalex.org/W657021150","https://openalex.org/W657433158","https://openalex.org/W657902361","https://openalex.org/W898766970","https://openalex.org/W1481456973","https://openalex.org/W1489736044","https://openalex.org/W1495495925","https://openalex.org/W1499665609","https://openalex.org/W1499732263","https://openalex.org/W1512370609","https://openalex.org/W1522836631","https://openalex.org/W1526745223","https://openalex.org/W1534714535","https://openalex.org/W1537724017","https://openalex.org/W1541888047","https://openalex.org/W1549739567","https://openalex.org/W1550623735","https://openalex.org/W1557029440","https://openalex.org/W1558699617","https://openalex.org/W1564840171","https://openalex.org/W1568147718","https://openalex.org/W1571483863","https://openalex.org/W1573908612","https://openalex.org/W1589076793","https://openalex.org/W1590039869","https://openalex.org/W1590589824","https://openalex.org/W1594201742","https://openalex.org/W1595533602","https://openalex.org/W1603519147","https://openalex.org/W1606673180","https://openalex.org/W1723214267","https://openalex.org/W1941031712","https://openalex.org/W1952751905","https://openalex.org/W1965075237","https://openalex.org/W1965819258","https://openalex.org/W1966356870","https://openalex.org/W1966623651","https://openalex.org/W1972799749","https://openalex.org/W1973159802","https://openalex.org/W1973470401","https://openalex.org/W1973578311","https://openalex.org/W1974237284","https://openalex.org/W1975182170","https://openalex.org/W1975556577","https://openalex.org/W1977554131","https://openalex.org/W1979064878","https://openalex.org/W1979214023","https://openalex.org/W1979657211","https://openalex.org/W1980892562","https://openalex.org/W1981891517","https://openalex.org/W1983489453","https://openalex.org/W1985140857","https://openalex.org/W1985375421","https://openalex.org/W1986787565","https://openalex.org/W1987054339","https://openalex.org/W1988352835","https://openalex.org/W1988799869","https://openalex.org/W1989194993","https://openalex.org/W1990732885","https://openalex.org/W1992669623","https://openalex.org/W1992873598","https://openalex.org/W1995242876","https://openalex.org/W1995246288","https://openalex.org/W1995978398","https://openalex.org/W1996658586","https://openalex.org/W1996851290","https://openalex.org/W1997218271","https://openalex.org/W1998578010","https://openalex.org/W1998909218","https://openalex.org/W2000186101","https://openalex.org/W2001522489","https://openalex.org/W2004587888","https://openalex.org/W2005360470","https://openalex.org/W2007494904","https://openalex.org/W2007988943","https://openalex.org/W2010070509","https://openalex.org/W2011123889","https://openalex.org/W2011762308","https://openalex.org/W2012736470","https://openalex.org/W2013238872","https://openalex.org/W2014111063","https://openalex.org/W2015019870","https://openalex.org/W2015453363","https://openalex.org/W2015802975","https://openalex.org/W2017343925","https://openalex.org/W2022308929","https://openalex.org/W2022334290","https://openalex.org/W2022807874","https://openalex.org/W2023635354","https://openalex.org/W2024040866","https://openalex.org/W2025025929","https://openalex.org/W2025673454","https://openalex.org/W2025890618","https://openalex.org/W2026048641","https://openalex.org/W2026189870","https://openalex.org/W2026264477","https://openalex.org/W2027262267","https://openalex.org/W2027643785","https://openalex.org/W2029570403","https://openalex.org/W2031723519","https://openalex.org/W2031921507","https://openalex.org/W2033819072","https://openalex.org/W2034008822","https://openalex.org/W2034735670","https://openalex.org/W2035169504","https://openalex.org/W2036298758","https://openalex.org/W2037288297","https://openalex.org/W2038919053","https://openalex.org/W2041314121","https://openalex.org/W2041581780","https://openalex.org/W2041872491","https://openalex.org/W2044321098","https://openalex.org/W2044813641","https://openalex.org/W2044900288","https://openalex.org/W2047542646","https://openalex.org/W2048635151","https://openalex.org/W2048862336","https://openalex.org/W2051635180","https://openalex.org/W2052983465","https://openalex.org/W2055739737","https://openalex.org/W2057186221","https://openalex.org/W2059560887","https://openalex.org/W2061407779","https://openalex.org/W2061912823","https://openalex.org/W2062554348","https://openalex.org/W2064776045","https://openalex.org/W2066166062","https://openalex.org/W2067666659","https://openalex.org/W2067951215","https://openalex.org/W2068835034","https://openalex.org/W2069328461","https://openalex.org/W2070717370","https://openalex.org/W2071502710","https://openalex.org/W2072612100","https://openalex.org/W2073590981","https://openalex.org/W2074902935","https://openalex.org/W2077545476","https://openalex.org/W2081107447","https://openalex.org/W2081276502","https://openalex.org/W2081678822","https://openalex.org/W2082309254","https://openalex.org/W2083496087","https://openalex.org/W2087745370","https://openalex.org/W2089594659","https://openalex.org/W2090417530","https://openalex.org/W2093651249","https://openalex.org/W2095390063","https://openalex.org/W2097909748","https://openalex.org/W2101770700","https://openalex.org/W2103280191","https://openalex.org/W2104726236","https://openalex.org/W2108449604","https://openalex.org/W2112983626","https://openalex.org/W2113486736","https://openalex.org/W2113874685","https://openalex.org/W2114901386","https://openalex.org/W2116016372","https://openalex.org/W2116365740","https://openalex.org/W2122551179","https://openalex.org/W2125705812","https://openalex.org/W2125829793","https://openalex.org/W2126488409","https://openalex.org/W2127282147","https://openalex.org/W2127338808","https://openalex.org/W2129572351","https://openalex.org/W2129822363","https://openalex.org/W2132303802","https://openalex.org/W2134789748","https://openalex.org/W2137357089","https://openalex.org/W2139005063","https://openalex.org/W2139410372","https://openalex.org/W2140355464","https://openalex.org/W2143688197","https://openalex.org/W2148415515","https://openalex.org/W2150085021","https://openalex.org/W2151998269","https://openalex.org/W2154964448","https://openalex.org/W2157764865","https://openalex.org/W2160500079","https://openalex.org/W2163799319","https://openalex.org/W2165630282","https://openalex.org/W2166992241","https://openalex.org/W2205423211","https://openalex.org/W2210344048","https://openalex.org/W2211356015","https://openalex.org/W2222033350","https://openalex.org/W2261427840","https://openalex.org/W2267343296","https://openalex.org/W2314960280","https://openalex.org/W2315177178","https://openalex.org/W2315880704","https://openalex.org/W2316084237","https://openalex.org/W2316241057","https://openalex.org/W2317016876","https://openalex.org/W2317239207","https://openalex.org/W2318070077","https://openalex.org/W2318197374","https://openalex.org/W2320008251","https://openalex.org/W2320834263","https://openalex.org/W2321112847","https://openalex.org/W2321466925","https://openalex.org/W2322887553","https://openalex.org/W2323277952","https://openalex.org/W2323563276","https://openalex.org/W2324880855","https://openalex.org/W2324891149","https://openalex.org/W2325407837","https://openalex.org/W2325989159","https://openalex.org/W2328483979","https://openalex.org/W2328484888","https://openalex.org/W2328530246","https://openalex.org/W2330098103","https://openalex.org/W2330216104","https://openalex.org/W2330509161","https://openalex.org/W2331402883","https://openalex.org/W2332398298","https://openalex.org/W2333664118","https://openalex.org/W2342451262","https://openalex.org/W2342852613","https://openalex.org/W2342928421","https://openalex.org/W2344179153","https://openalex.org/W2344309069","https://openalex.org/W2345047389","https://openalex.org/W2345297495","https://openalex.org/W2405681439","https://openalex.org/W2464765692","https://openalex.org/W2466167135","https://openalex.org/W2468747718","https://openalex.org/W2471298009","https://openalex.org/W2476538506","https://openalex.org/W2476712482","https://openalex.org/W2477042615","https://openalex.org/W2477886247","https://openalex.org/W2479920042","https://openalex.org/W2481571829","https://openalex.org/W2483625318","https://openalex.org/W2485936325","https://openalex.org/W2487891086","https://openalex.org/W2488839206","https://openalex.org/W2491966980","https://openalex.org/W2492734642","https://openalex.org/W2494287358","https://openalex.org/W2496291196","https://openalex.org/W2496701252","https://openalex.org/W2497784200","https://openalex.org/W2498422245","https://openalex.org/W2498977171","https://openalex.org/W2499455445","https://openalex.org/W2501918105","https://openalex.org/W2502664519","https://openalex.org/W2506067954","https://openalex.org/W2523730617","https://openalex.org/W2567852014","https://openalex.org/W2580853753","https://openalex.org/W2589518200","https://openalex.org/W2614377292","https://openalex.org/W2736199436","https://openalex.org/W2793003759","https://openalex.org/W2795913984","https://openalex.org/W2796235445","https://openalex.org/W2796485915","https://openalex.org/W2796657475","https://openalex.org/W2796691275","https://openalex.org/W2796979553","https://openalex.org/W2797097603","https://openalex.org/W2797336685","https://openalex.org/W2797355938","https://openalex.org/W2797596145","https://openalex.org/W2797641584","https://openalex.org/W2799332710","https://openalex.org/W2800596833","https://openalex.org/W2800642011","https://openalex.org/W2802386002","https://openalex.org/W2902970341","https://openalex.org/W2947252099","https://openalex.org/W2964833360","https://openalex.org/W2972121769","https://openalex.org/W3052535458","https://openalex.org/W3081376394","https://openalex.org/W3128512470","https://openalex.org/W3131589565","https://openalex.org/W3134397561","https://openalex.org/W3135787050","https://openalex.org/W3140318092","https://openalex.org/W3143788961","https://openalex.org/W3144736199","https://openalex.org/W3152077589","https://openalex.org/W3172154043","https://openalex.org/W3176452269","https://openalex.org/W4205459133","https://openalex.org/W4206067085","https://openalex.org/W4206735677","https://openalex.org/W4206753075","https://openalex.org/W4210708713","https://openalex.org/W4210964065","https://openalex.org/W4213456678","https://openalex.org/W4235173879","https://openalex.org/W4236067934","https://openalex.org/W4236266518","https://openalex.org/W4236671727","https://openalex.org/W4237754347","https://openalex.org/W4237963333","https://openalex.org/W4238045774","https://openalex.org/W4238896899","https://openalex.org/W4241409237","https://openalex.org/W4243224162","https://openalex.org/W4244247213","https://openalex.org/W4247093756","https://openalex.org/W4248451369","https://openalex.org/W4248833231","https://openalex.org/W4251464124","https://openalex.org/W4253981120","https://openalex.org/W4255542042","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4291721991","https://openalex.org/W4297966478","https://openalex.org/W4300548127","https://openalex.org/W4319307939","https://openalex.org/W4380764933","https://openalex.org/W4385228511","https://openalex.org/W4385228668","https://openalex.org/W4385279685","https://openalex.org/W4385538189","https://openalex.org/W4386173791","https://openalex.org/W4387509211","https://openalex.org/W4388691042","https://openalex.org/W4404694056","https://openalex.org/W4404932793","https://openalex.org/W4405157641","https://openalex.org/W6650908614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W640992247","https://openalex.org/W575970540","https://openalex.org/W2261874439","https://openalex.org/W4213345571","https://openalex.org/W1482921239","https://openalex.org/W3210453566","https://openalex.org/W2283659714","https://openalex.org/W2948552265","https://openalex.org/W2494327480","https://openalex.org/W4230125187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0],"TRIBUTE":[1],"SYSTEM":[2],"MATRIX":[3],"Between":[4],"1514":[5],"and":[6,10,17,45,56,61,73,94,100,113,124,141,153,159,177,191,230,232,244],"1662,":[7],"the":[8,20,24,36,41,81,85,116,129,136,144,166,183,212,262],"people":[9],"government":[11],"of":[12,23,26,49,64,111,122,127,131,134,139,146,157,168,204,214,226,234],"China":[13,118,236],"were":[14,91],"involved":[15],"in,":[16],"affected":[18],"by,":[19],"first":[21,82],"stages":[22],"development":[25],"a":[27,108,198,238],"\u201cmodern":[28],"world":[29,110],"system.\u201d":[30],"This":[31],"involvement":[32],"was":[33],"implemented":[34],"via":[35],"sea":[37],"routes":[38],"linking":[39],"all":[40,202],"continents":[42],"except":[43],"Antarctica":[44],"Australia":[46],"in":[47,106,241,248,254,264],"exchanges":[48],"trade":[50,112],"goods,":[51],"food":[52],"plants,":[53],"diseases,":[54],"people,":[55],"ideas.":[57],"Ming":[58,184,228],"official":[59,89,265],"concepts":[60],"formalized":[62],"institutions":[63],"foreign":[65],"relations":[66,79],"offered":[67],"little":[68,75],"guidance":[69],"to":[70,194,210,220,260,267],"Chinese":[71,97,132,170,192,205],"officials":[72],"had":[74,179],"effect":[76],"on":[77,165,182,197,222],"Sino-European":[78],"after":[80],"encounters":[83],"with":[84,175],"Portuguese,":[86],"but":[87],"actual":[88],"responses":[90,193],"alert,":[92],"flexible,":[93],"reasonably":[95],"effective.":[96],"merchants,":[98],"craftsmen,":[99],"sailors":[101],"became":[102],"extremely":[103],"vigorous":[104],"participants":[105],"building":[107],"new":[109],"settlement":[114,133],"around":[115],"South":[117],"Sea.":[119],"The":[120,172,186,246],"rise":[121],"Nagasaki":[123],"other":[125],"ports":[126],"Kyushu,":[128],"beginnings":[130],"Taiwan,":[135],"sudden":[137],"emergence":[138],"Hai-ch'eng":[140],"then":[142],"Amoy,":[143],"flourishing":[145],"Macao,":[147],"Manila,":[148],"Banten,":[149],"Batavia,":[150],"Ayudhya,":[151],"Melaka,":[152],"many":[154],"more":[155],"centers":[156],"commercial":[158],"economic":[160],"growth":[161],"depended":[162],"very":[163],"heavily":[164],"activities":[167],"these":[169,215],"entrepreneurs.":[171],"silk-silver":[173],"trades":[174],"Japan":[176],"Manila":[178],"substantial":[180],"effects":[181],"economy.":[185],"Roman":[187],"Catholic":[188],"missionary":[189],"presence":[190],"it,":[195],"while":[196],"small":[199],"scale,":[200],"reached":[201],"levels":[203],"society.":[206],"As":[207],"we":[208,218],"seek":[209],"understand":[211,261],"vigor":[213],"private":[216],"involvements,":[217],"need":[219],"draw":[221],"our":[223],"growing":[224],"knowledge":[225],"late":[227],"culture":[229],"society,":[231,242],"especially":[233],"maritime":[235,268],"as":[237],"regional":[239],"variant":[240],"economy,":[243],"polity.":[245],"changes":[247,263],"empire-wide":[249],"politics":[250],"so":[251],"well":[252],"summarized":[253],"Volume":[255],"7":[256],"frequently":[257],"help":[258],"us":[259],"approaches":[266],"problems.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
