{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2491672359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","title":"What Counts as an Individual for Spinoza?","display_name":"What Counts as an Individual for Spinoza?","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2491672359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","mag":"2491672359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spinoza: Metaphysical Themes","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1591444639","display_name":"Spinoza: Metaphysical Themes"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036104233","display_name":"Steven Barbone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Barbone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036104233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94005026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"89","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12517","display_name":"Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12517","display_name":"Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10718","display_name":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11463","display_name":"Classical Philosophy and Thought","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baruch-spinoza","display_name":"Spinoza","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-of-the-individual","display_name":"concept of the individual","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-state","display_name":"political state","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-institutions","display_name":"political institutions","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism","display_name":"individualism","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-and-state","display_name":"individual and state","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.8260079026222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7216302156448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5727012753486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136979486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773483","display_name":"Existential quantification","level":2,"score":0.48125144839286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4124513566493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38715845346450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.3848514258861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2638351321220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20065388083457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15501198172569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11617952585220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.04517069458961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.04245522618293762}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/019512815x.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spinoza: Metaphysical Themes","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135476854","https://openalex.org/W163189923","https://openalex.org/W178901503","https://openalex.org/W179612363","https://openalex.org/W562700449","https://openalex.org/W644773666","https://openalex.org/W1493816286","https://openalex.org/W1528441197","https://openalex.org/W1550854217","https://openalex.org/W1566993953","https://openalex.org/W1583106239","https://openalex.org/W1965159429","https://openalex.org/W1965872325","https://openalex.org/W1967708675","https://openalex.org/W1974641108","https://openalex.org/W1976488201","https://openalex.org/W1981789683","https://openalex.org/W1992622479","https://openalex.org/W2014213758","https://openalex.org/W2020993125","https://openalex.org/W2034566466","https://openalex.org/W2041008047","https://openalex.org/W2051431786","https://openalex.org/W2051595764","https://openalex.org/W2061708712","https://openalex.org/W2071294820","https://openalex.org/W2084628733","https://openalex.org/W2092320099","https://openalex.org/W2094463429","https://openalex.org/W2112887703","https://openalex.org/W2182962426","https://openalex.org/W2189403456","https://openalex.org/W2312810988","https://openalex.org/W2313665750","https://openalex.org/W2317194633","https://openalex.org/W2317937946","https://openalex.org/W2325702377","https://openalex.org/W2328641720","https://openalex.org/W2331660476","https://openalex.org/W2332523573","https://openalex.org/W2332843687","https://openalex.org/W2334163391","https://openalex.org/W2334824098","https://openalex.org/W2462007547","https://openalex.org/W2468475367","https://openalex.org/W2496339611","https://openalex.org/W2498422971","https://openalex.org/W2519719358","https://openalex.org/W2520308745","https://openalex.org/W2774946719","https://openalex.org/W2798650415","https://openalex.org/W2799572331","https://openalex.org/W3127266706","https://openalex.org/W3138085547","https://openalex.org/W3140436875","https://openalex.org/W3155438418","https://openalex.org/W3162814102","https://openalex.org/W3167034298","https://openalex.org/W3210370340","https://openalex.org/W3210519840","https://openalex.org/W4231299146","https://openalex.org/W4240313004","https://openalex.org/W4244899215","https://openalex.org/W4246603006","https://openalex.org/W4248671653","https://openalex.org/W4255854961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990514036","https://openalex.org/W3202341785","https://openalex.org/W2609722545","https://openalex.org/W7205167968","https://openalex.org/W4300812871","https://openalex.org/W2480835185","https://openalex.org/W4411711629","https://openalex.org/W12544353","https://openalex.org/W4411231167","https://openalex.org/W3153251185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"essay":[2],"explores":[3],"Spinoza\u2019s":[4],"concept":[5],"of":[6,15,60,76],"an":[7,70],"individual.":[8],"It":[9],"focuses":[10],"on":[11],"the":[12,16,30,48,58,67,74,77],"ontological":[13],"status":[14],"political":[17,24,40],"state,":[18],"and":[19,34,36,63],"rejects":[20],"Matheron\u2019s":[21],"view":[22],"that":[23,39,69],"states":[25],"are":[26],"individuals.":[27],"For":[28],"Spinoza,":[29],"individual":[31,71],"is":[32],"first":[33],"foremost,":[35],"it":[37,64],"follows":[38],"institutions":[41],"take":[42],"second":[43],"place":[44],"in":[45,52],"importance":[46],"to":[47],"individuals":[49],"who":[50],"live":[51],"them.":[53],"The":[54],"state":[55],"exists":[56,72],"for":[57,73],"benefit":[59,75],"each":[61],"individual,":[62],"cannot":[65],"be":[66],"case":[68],"state.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
