{"id":"https://openalex.org/W24859285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse07-a2648","title":"Studies on Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities in Some Commonly Used Solvents","display_name":"Studies on Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities in Some Commonly Used Solvents","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W24859285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse07-a2648","mag":"24859285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13182/nse07-a2648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse07-a2648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse07-a2648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117777261","display_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","issn_l":"0029-5639","issn":["0029-5639","1943-748X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008876560","display_name":"Ashok Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-5304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-5304"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79161377","display_name":"Punjabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdn8y92","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjabi University, Department of Physics, Patiala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjabi University, Department of Physics, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060822504","display_name":"Sukhpal Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-1634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-1634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79161377","display_name":"Punjabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdn8y92","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukhpal Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjabi University, Department of Physics, Patiala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjabi University, Department of Physics, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015915053","display_name":"Gurmel Singh Mudahar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79161377","display_name":"Punjabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdn8y92","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gurmel S. Mudahar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjabi University, Department of Physics, Patiala, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjabi University, Department of Physics, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078725539","display_name":"Kulwant Singh Thind","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165682329","display_name":"Guru Nanak Dev University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghzpa93","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kulwant Singh Thind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guru Nanak Dev University, Department of Physics, Amritsar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guru Nanak Dev University, Department of Physics, Amritsar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44012208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"155","issue":"1","first_page":"102","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12299","display_name":"Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12299","display_name":"Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-atomic-number","display_name":"effective atomic number","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-density","display_name":"electron density","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvents","display_name":"solvents","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-attenuation-coefficient","display_name":"mass attenuation coefficient","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-attenuation","display_name":"X-ray attenuation","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol","display_name":"ethanol","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol","display_name":"methanol","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propanol","display_name":"propanol","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butanol","display_name":"butanol","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water","display_name":"water","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toluene","display_name":"toluene","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzene","display_name":"benzene","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tetrachloride","display_name":"carbon tetrachloride","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetonitrile","display_name":"acetonitrile","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorobenzene","display_name":"chlorobenzene","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diethyl-ether","display_name":"diethyl ether","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1-4-dioxane","display_name":"1,4-dioxane","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xcom-comparison","display_name":"XCOM comparison","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776041390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407768","display_name":"Chlorobenzene","level":3,"score":0.8744639158248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778142098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15779","display_name":"Toluene","level":2,"score":0.7216824889183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777691172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270","display_name":"Benzene","level":2,"score":0.6953503489494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61782718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23809","display_name":"Atomic number","level":2,"score":0.5788127779960632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982","display_name":"Methanol","level":2,"score":0.5770205855369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777463227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408047","display_name":"Acetonitrile","level":2,"score":0.5648482441902161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59919367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347247","display_name":"Effective atomic number","level":3,"score":0.517347514629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4822145700454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.4631898105144501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.4596061706542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4467306435108185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4410780966281891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.42332717776298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.41410452127456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.16491270065307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15772798657417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.09477630257606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08298960328102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13182/nse07-a2648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse07-a2648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13182/nse07-a2648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117777261","display_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","issn_l":"0029-5639","issn":["0029-5639","1943-748X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54778000","https://openalex.org/W1596836281","https://openalex.org/W1659720364","https://openalex.org/W1966226701","https://openalex.org/W1970853319","https://openalex.org/W1977384267","https://openalex.org/W1984048893","https://openalex.org/W1998088861","https://openalex.org/W2008488773","https://openalex.org/W2010742906","https://openalex.org/W2010755685","https://openalex.org/W2013716784","https://openalex.org/W2022017677","https://openalex.org/W2054514952","https://openalex.org/W2057356885","https://openalex.org/W2061034346","https://openalex.org/W2063422869","https://openalex.org/W2076455563","https://openalex.org/W2079408647","https://openalex.org/W2080799957","https://openalex.org/W2088847332","https://openalex.org/W2090593799","https://openalex.org/W2279284078","https://openalex.org/W2499752664","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082789319","https://openalex.org/W2029459472","https://openalex.org/W2068375427","https://openalex.org/W4385284305","https://openalex.org/W2094795938","https://openalex.org/W2804065349","https://openalex.org/W2018404861","https://openalex.org/W2277858787","https://openalex.org/W2610232126","https://openalex.org/W2050226074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"effective":[1],"atomic":[2],"numbers":[3],"and":[4,25,34],"the":[5,28,41,63],"electron":[6],"densities":[7],"of":[8],"some":[9],"commonly":[10],"used":[11],"solvents,":[12],"i.e.,":[13],"ethanol,":[14],"methanol,":[15],"propanol,":[16],"butanol,":[17],"water,":[18],"toluene,":[19],"benzene,":[20],"carbontetrachloride,":[21],"acetonitrile,":[22],"chlorobenzene,":[23],"diethylether,":[24],"dioxane":[26],"at":[27],"energies":[29],"279,":[30],"356,":[31],"662,":[32],"1173,":[33],"1332":[35],"keV":[36],"were":[37],"calculated":[38,66],"by":[39],"using":[40],"measured":[42],"mass":[43],"attenuation":[44],"coefficients":[45],"in":[46,59],"a":[47],"well-collimated":[48],"narrow":[49],"beam":[50],"transmission":[51],"geometry.":[52],"These":[53],"values":[54,65],"are":[55],"found":[56],"to":[57],"be":[58],"good":[60],"agreement":[61],"with":[62],"theoretical":[64],"based":[67],"on":[68],"XCOM":[69],"data.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
