{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2485175286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3751/70.3.12","title":"The Tunisian General Labor Union and the Advent of Democracy","display_name":"The Tunisian General Labor Union and the Advent of Democracy","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2485175286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3751/70.3.12","mag":"2485175286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3751/70.3.12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3751/70.3.12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3751/70.3.12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184885884","display_name":"The Middle East Journal","issn_l":"0026-3141","issn":["0026-3141","1940-3461"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316716","host_organization_name":"Middle East Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316716"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Middle East Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Middle East Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021927059","display_name":"Kasper Ly Netterstr\u00f8m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-8088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-8088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kasper Ly Netterstr\u00f8m","raw_affiliation_strings":["K\u00f8benhavns Universitet, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, DK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K\u00f8benhavns Universitet, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, DK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021927059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.4932,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98237176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"383","last_page":"398"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14402","display_name":"Political and Social Issues","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14402","display_name":"Political and Social Issues","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13379","display_name":"Multiculturalism, Politics, Migration, Gender","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunisian-revolution","display_name":"Tunisian revolution","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarianism","display_name":"authoritarianism","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-and-compliance","display_name":"resistance and compliance","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zine-el-abidine-ben-ali","display_name":"Zine El Abidine Ben Ali","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-unions","display_name":"trade unions","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-change","display_name":"political transition","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunisia","display_name":"Tunisia","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7261890172958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5315675139427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.33818894624710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2972165048122406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1716887652873993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.041592538356781006}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3751/70.3.12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3751/70.3.12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3751/70.3.12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184885884","display_name":"The Middle East Journal","issn_l":"0026-3141","issn":["0026-3141","1940-3461"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316716","host_organization_name":"Middle East Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316716"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Middle East Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Middle East Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/340153c0-e762-4288-b24d-51c0e6bc153a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/340153c0-e762-4288-b24d-51c0e6bc153a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Netterstr\u00f8m, K L 2016, 'The Tunisian General Labor Union and the Advent of Democracy', Middle East Journal, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 383-398. https://doi.org/10.3751/70.3.12","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/627144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/119/article/627144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cadmus.eui.eu:1814/47324","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1814/47324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196332","display_name":"Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","host_organization_name":"European University Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573644326","https://openalex.org/W606756406","https://openalex.org/W844599187","https://openalex.org/W1509383136","https://openalex.org/W1546641059","https://openalex.org/W1587964131","https://openalex.org/W1607422304","https://openalex.org/W1966816740","https://openalex.org/W2042411001","https://openalex.org/W2061408138","https://openalex.org/W2084395037","https://openalex.org/W2129075029","https://openalex.org/W2182985558","https://openalex.org/W2334875510","https://openalex.org/W2341055165","https://openalex.org/W2482956255","https://openalex.org/W2488835686","https://openalex.org/W2796001577","https://openalex.org/W2917982593","https://openalex.org/W3085381877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382279639","https://openalex.org/W2913107752","https://openalex.org/W4238370362","https://openalex.org/W2973051507","https://openalex.org/W2913750085","https://openalex.org/W4391378074","https://openalex.org/W2953709650","https://openalex.org/W7015682495","https://openalex.org/W3175109542","https://openalex.org/W2901307391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105],"Tunisian":[1,13],"General":[2],"Labor":[3],"Union":[4],"(UGTT)":[5],"played":[6],"a":[7,97,118],"major":[8],"role":[9,35,127],"in":[10,16,36,100,108,128],"the":[11,17,27,39,43,53,63,68,70,74,89,101,111,129],"2010/11":[12],"revolution":[14],"and":[15,48,81,94],"subsequent":[18],"democratization":[19,115,130],"process.":[20,131],"This":[21,83],"article":[22,71,106],"seeks":[23],"to":[24,91,103,110],"explain":[25],"why":[26],"union":[28],"was":[29,49],"capable":[30],"of":[31,38,55,78],"taking":[32],"on":[33],"this":[34],"light":[37],"fact":[40],"that,":[41],"before":[42],"revolution,":[44],"it":[45,86],"cooperated":[46],"with":[47],"heavily":[50],"infiltrated":[51],"by":[52],"regime":[54],"President":[56],"Zine":[57],"El-'Abidine":[58],"Ben":[59],"'Ali.":[60],"By":[61],"describing":[62],"UGTT's":[64],"internal":[65],"struggles":[66],"during":[67],"dictatorship,":[69],"claims":[72],"that":[73,117],"UGTT":[75],"demonstrated":[76],"elements":[77],"both":[79],"resistance":[80],"compliance.":[82],"duality":[84],"made":[85],"possible":[87],"for":[88],"organization":[90,122],"survive":[92],"authoritarianism":[93],"also":[95],"be":[96],"credible":[98],"player":[99],"transition":[102],"democracy.":[104],"shows,":[107],"contrast":[109],"dominant":[112],"theories":[113],"within":[114],"studies,":[116],"regime-affiliated":[119],"civil":[120],"society":[121],"can":[123],"play":[124],"an":[125],"important":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}