{"id":"https://openalex.org/W248465305","doi":null,"title":"The Ambiguity of the Historical Position of Hindu Women in India: Sita, Draupadi and the Laws of Manu","display_name":"The Ambiguity of the Historical Position of Hindu Women in India: Sita, Draupadi and the Laws of Manu","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W248465305","mag":"248465305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:qt9wd7z439","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gupta, Sangeeta R.(1994). The Ambiguity of the Historical Position of Hindu Women in India: Sita, Draupadi and the Laws of Manu. UCLA Historical Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014685939","display_name":"Sangeeta R. Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sangeeta R. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014685939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04531969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.48410001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.48410001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12949","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Diaspora","score":0.4440999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.05810000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindu-women","display_name":"Hindu women","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-roles","display_name":"gender roles","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patriarchy","display_name":"patriarchy","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sita","display_name":"Sita","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/draupadi","display_name":"Draupadi","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ramayana","display_name":"Ramayana","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahabharata","display_name":"Mahabharata","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindu-fundamentalism","display_name":"Hindu fundamentalism","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brahmins","display_name":"Brahmins","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-texts","display_name":"religious texts","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-oppression","display_name":"women's oppression","score":0.7149999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779761714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6752264","display_name":"Manu","level":2,"score":0.9784665107727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46610780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9089","display_name":"Hinduism","level":2,"score":0.8304973840713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.580843448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5351147651672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.43209266662597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.3624456524848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.2506486773490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.15036073327064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14866483211517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11354154348373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:qt9wd7z439","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gupta, Sangeeta R.(1994). The Ambiguity of the Historical Position of Hindu Women in India: Sita, Draupadi and the Laws of Manu. UCLA Historical Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9wd7z439","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"UCLA Historical Journal, vol 14, iss 0","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:248465305","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9wd7z439/qt9wd7z439.pdf?t=mjzcad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764489358","display_name":"UCLA historical journal","issn_l":"0276-864X","issn":["0276-864X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"UCLA historical journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2776114487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9wd7z439/qt9wd7z439.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764489358","display_name":"UCLA historical journal","issn_l":"0276-864X","issn":["0276-864X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"UCLA historical journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:qt9wd7z439","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gupta, Sangeeta R.(1994). The Ambiguity of the Historical Position of Hindu Women in India: Sita, Draupadi and the Laws of Manu. UCLA Historical Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9wd7z439","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W248465305.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W248465305.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219168932","https://openalex.org/W6943943592","https://openalex.org/W2776114487","https://openalex.org/W132131889","https://openalex.org/W4310215773","https://openalex.org/W4327666331","https://openalex.org/W7220508761","https://openalex.org/W7165582428","https://openalex.org/W2345461807","https://openalex.org/W569739921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"^^^^'^H":[0],"E":[1],"CURRENT'":[2],"SUBORDINATE":[3],"POSITION":[4],"of":[5,64,112,136,147,161,182,185,188,236,259],"Indian":[6],"women":[7,34,238],"in":[8,85,164,221,245],"social,":[9],"m":[10],"legal":[11],"and":[12,26,59,70,95,108,170,177,197,218,239,269,272],"cultural":[13,219],"realms":[14],"is":[15,92],"claimed":[16],"by":[17,28,99,144,193],"fundamentalists":[18],"to":[19,42,106,125,173,199,211,252,280],"be":[20,43,209],"based":[21],"on":[22,232],"Jim":[23],"Hindu":[24,38,87,113,139,166,247],"tradition":[25],"supported":[27],"religious":[29,120],"scriptures.Centuries-old":[30],"gender":[31,68,155,243],"roles'":[32],"for":[33],"are":[35,48,123,190,223],"depicted":[36],"as":[37,50,205,226],"traditions":[39],"which":[40],"need":[41],"protected.Those":[44],"contesting":[45],"these":[46,65,79],"views":[47],"condemned":[49],"attacking":[51],"Hinduism":[52],"itself.This":[53],"article":[54,151],"will":[55,152,207],"examine":[56,253],"the":[57,86,89,104,110,119,133,137,145,148,165,168,171,183,201,233,242,246,254,257,260,263],"historical":[58,83],"scriptural":[60,90],"basis,":[61],"if":[62],"any,":[63],"submissive":[66,202],"female":[67,154],"roles":[69,80,156,244],"vvall":[71],"provide":[72],"arguments":[73],"against":[74],"their":[75],"current":[76],"traditional":[77],"interpretation.While":[78],"do":[81],"have":[82,141,228],"roots":[84],"culture,":[88],"\"validation\"":[91],"a":[93,158,213,229,274],"political":[94],"social":[96],"tool":[97],"used":[98],"funda-":[100],"mentalist":[101],"forces":[102],"through":[103,157],"ages":[105],"justify":[107,200],"perpetuate":[109,132],"oppression":[111],"women.I":[114],"wall":[115],"further":[116],"argue":[117],"that":[118,131],"scriptures":[121],"themselves":[122],"open":[124],"several":[126],"interpretations,":[127],"but":[128],"only":[129],"those":[130],"patriarchal^":[134],"concept":[135],"\"ideal\"":[138],"woman":[140],"been":[142,278],"espoused":[143],"majority":[146],"Brahamanical":[149],"class.This":[150],"deconstruct":[153],"careful":[159],"examination":[160],"specific":[162],"characters":[163],"epics,":[167,248],"Ramayana":[169],"Mahabharatha,":[172],"illustrate":[174],"an":[175],"alternate":[176],"perhaps":[178],"more":[179,214],"complete":[180],"picture":[181],"position":[184],"women.The":[186],"Laws":[187],"Manu,^which":[189],"frequently":[191],"quoted":[192],"fundamentalists,":[194],"brahmin":[195],"priests":[196],"others":[198],"role":[203],"ofwomen":[204],"\"natural,\"":[206],"also":[208],"examined":[210],"present":[212],"comprehen-":[215],"sive":[216],"picture.Religious":[217],"norms":[220],"India":[222],"interwoven":[224],"and,":[225],"such,":[227],"tremendous":[230],"impact":[231],"daily":[234],"lives'":[235],"both":[237],"men.In":[240],"evaluating":[241],"it":[249],"becomes":[250],"necessary":[251],"fol-":[255],"lovvdng:":[256],"orientation":[258],"primary":[261],"authors,":[262],"individuals":[264],"who":[265],"later":[266],"inter-":[267],"pret":[268],"transmit":[270],"them,":[271],"whether":[273],"selective":[275],"reading":[276],"has":[277],"utilized":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}