{"id":"https://openalex.org/W24815253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511510502","title":"China's Use of Military Force","display_name":"China's Use of Military Force","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W24815253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511510502","mag":"24815253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511510502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511510502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511510502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082987523","display_name":"Andrew C. Scobell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Scobell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisville, Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082987523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8541,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96421382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.5166000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.5166000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.16539999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.09040000289678574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/use-of-military-force","display_name":"use of military force","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-strategic-culture","display_name":"Chinese strategic culture","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-s-liberation-army","display_name":"People's Liberation Army","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1979-sino-vietnamese-war","display_name":"1979 Sino-Vietnamese War","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-revolution","display_name":"Cultural Revolution","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-doctrine","display_name":"military doctrine","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-foreign-policy","display_name":"Chinese foreign policy","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.8484145402908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117731710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177266","display_name":"Militarism","level":3,"score":0.8165808320045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779112814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2363432","display_name":"Belligerent","level":3,"score":0.7318092584609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11038979","display_name":"Cult","level":2,"score":0.6237480044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778007780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140224","display_name":"Military doctrine","level":3,"score":0.6207358837127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5869399905204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690689","display_name":"Revolution in Military Affairs","level":3,"score":0.5566039085388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.538844108581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541409800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15680550","display_name":"Military theory","level":3,"score":0.5307008624076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110956428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6857873","display_name":"Military threat","level":3,"score":0.47034600377082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.43897685408592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C451841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192386","display_name":"Military science","level":2,"score":0.4298114776611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4074409306049347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.38069644570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.36288565397262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28325408697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25500816106796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10412520170211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511510502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511510502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511510502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},{"id":"mag:1547827285","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7744521M/China's_Use_of_Military_Force","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":243,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3530295","https://openalex.org/W86423546","https://openalex.org/W574202734","https://openalex.org/W579078845","https://openalex.org/W581871023","https://openalex.org/W583079117","https://openalex.org/W585798556","https://openalex.org/W593540062","https://openalex.org/W606469581","https://openalex.org/W614949850","https://openalex.org/W636222397","https://openalex.org/W651624003","https://openalex.org/W1026012403","https://openalex.org/W1488844411","https://openalex.org/W1506030884","https://openalex.org/W1510341879","https://openalex.org/W1511811696","https://openalex.org/W1525599878","https://openalex.org/W1530312159","https://openalex.org/W1533993385","https://openalex.org/W1539865654","https://openalex.org/W1545353656","https://openalex.org/W1549588332","https://openalex.org/W1571082745","https://openalex.org/W1601136081","https://openalex.org/W1601685797","https://openalex.org/W1661132271","https://openalex.org/W1970672527","https://openalex.org/W1971917331","https://openalex.org/W1971938835","https://openalex.org/W1973128439","https://openalex.org/W1973642898","https://openalex.org/W1974551316","https://openalex.org/W1974638294","https://openalex.org/W1978219100","https://openalex.org/W1981056535","https://openalex.org/W1986226625","https://openalex.org/W1987042694","https://openalex.org/W1989624539","https://openalex.org/W1990615548","https://openalex.org/W1992237896","https://openalex.org/W1992510217","https://openalex.org/W1994619684","https://openalex.org/W1995837181","https://openalex.org/W1998931463","https://openalex.org/W1999234860","https://openalex.org/W2000500402","https://openalex.org/W2003880124","https://openalex.org/W2007270410","https://openalex.org/W2009220534","https://openalex.org/W2013052212","https://openalex.org/W2013751134","https://openalex.org/W2014828574","https://openalex.org/W2014916787","https://openalex.org/W2016178818","https://openalex.org/W2017352643","https://openalex.org/W2021892199","https://openalex.org/W2024485668","https://openalex.org/W2024496570","https://openalex.org/W2029008424","https://openalex.org/W2029430374","https://openalex.org/W2029873545","https://openalex.org/W2030514917","https://openalex.org/W2033061475","https://openalex.org/W2033136345","https://openalex.org/W2034827818","https://openalex.org/W2036876110","https://openalex.org/W2037571295","https://openalex.org/W2039122498","https://openalex.org/W2039778061","https://openalex.org/W2040949826","https://openalex.org/W2041968423","https://openalex.org/W2042248842","https://openalex.org/W2043012889","https://openalex.org/W2044150299","https://openalex.org/W2045085610","https://openalex.org/W2045991303","https://openalex.org/W2046489779","https://openalex.org/W2050110891","https://openalex.org/W2050147040","https://openalex.org/W2051273524","https://openalex.org/W2051718275","https://openalex.org/W2055449068","https://openalex.org/W2056651806","https://openalex.org/W2057321670","https://openalex.org/W2058394345","https://openalex.org/W2058413048","https://openalex.org/W2060836294","https://openalex.org/W2060905476","https://openalex.org/W2061870207","https://openalex.org/W2062074136","https://openalex.org/W2062463434","https://openalex.org/W2064248675","https://openalex.org/W2064333656","https://openalex.org/W2064665155","https://openalex.org/W2065445683","https://openalex.org/W2065926092","https://openalex.org/W2067733605","https://openalex.org/W2067994166","https://openalex.org/W2068330392","https://openalex.org/W2068690610","https://openalex.org/W2069268042","https://openalex.org/W2069618276","https://openalex.org/W2069971736","https://openalex.org/W2070411867","https://openalex.org/W2070618225","https://openalex.org/W2073413167","https://openalex.org/W2073760116","https://openalex.org/W2077358969","https://openalex.org/W2077699579","https://openalex.org/W2077864496","https://openalex.org/W2078786029","https://openalex.org/W2081735657","https://openalex.org/W2082410680","https://openalex.org/W2083509469","https://openalex.org/W2088709005","https://openalex.org/W2089314759","https://openalex.org/W2092787446","https://openalex.org/W2093577406","https://openalex.org/W2093636894","https://openalex.org/W2095330685","https://openalex.org/W2097007430","https://openalex.org/W2097443837","https://openalex.org/W2098629458","https://openalex.org/W2101565975","https://openalex.org/W2102667786","https://openalex.org/W2103180376","https://openalex.org/W2104025978","https://openalex.org/W2106238871","https://openalex.org/W2107578151","https://openalex.org/W2107992979","https://openalex.org/W2110253619","https://openalex.org/W2114412976","https://openalex.org/W2114551194","https://openalex.org/W2114730671","https://openalex.org/W2117973500","https://openalex.org/W2120043573","https://openalex.org/W2122254943","https://openalex.org/W2124923856","https://openalex.org/W2125130652","https://openalex.org/W2133387456","https://openalex.org/W2133582892","https://openalex.org/W2133875371","https://openalex.org/W2133959655","https://openalex.org/W2138838166","https://openalex.org/W2139542461","https://openalex.org/W2145210760","https://openalex.org/W2145499509","https://openalex.org/W2145777895","https://openalex.org/W2147778051","https://openalex.org/W2149498636","https://openalex.org/W2152180301","https://openalex.org/W2153416242","https://openalex.org/W2153656501","https://openalex.org/W2153793984","https://openalex.org/W2158735134","https://openalex.org/W2162290396","https://openalex.org/W2162812666","https://openalex.org/W2166418519","https://openalex.org/W2253669802","https://openalex.org/W2296196853","https://openalex.org/W2304361434","https://openalex.org/W2312934034","https://openalex.org/W2316736614","https://openalex.org/W2318903226","https://openalex.org/W2319147340","https://openalex.org/W2321315067","https://openalex.org/W2324135324","https://openalex.org/W2326055778","https://openalex.org/W2327110407","https://openalex.org/W2327975939","https://openalex.org/W2329532483","https://openalex.org/W2334124163","https://openalex.org/W2411857771","https://openalex.org/W2492969972","https://openalex.org/W2493949864","https://openalex.org/W2495638026","https://openalex.org/W2508596195","https://openalex.org/W2512295289","https://openalex.org/W2562302470","https://openalex.org/W2563529532","https://openalex.org/W2567410387","https://openalex.org/W2584620619","https://openalex.org/W2616324404","https://openalex.org/W2618559721","https://openalex.org/W2736200414","https://openalex.org/W2796665956","https://openalex.org/W2800990667","https://openalex.org/W2802044718","https://openalex.org/W2802437599","https://openalex.org/W2902025256","https://openalex.org/W2909485473","https://openalex.org/W2911546892","https://openalex.org/W2950198106","https://openalex.org/W2953628976","https://openalex.org/W2955127326","https://openalex.org/W2975164207","https://openalex.org/W2995419482","https://openalex.org/W3021761632","https://openalex.org/W3026177799","https://openalex.org/W3048088032","https://openalex.org/W3104199730","https://openalex.org/W3144844913","https://openalex.org/W4205541613","https://openalex.org/W4205658952","https://openalex.org/W4206963115","https://openalex.org/W4206982720","https://openalex.org/W4206987370","https://openalex.org/W4206993431","https://openalex.org/W4207000686","https://openalex.org/W4207012139","https://openalex.org/W4207065347","https://openalex.org/W4207077036","https://openalex.org/W4207078254","https://openalex.org/W4213084766","https://openalex.org/W4213444207","https://openalex.org/W4230735533","https://openalex.org/W4231328578","https://openalex.org/W4234704027","https://openalex.org/W4235789532","https://openalex.org/W4236469152","https://openalex.org/W4238614901","https://openalex.org/W4242908380","https://openalex.org/W4244130860","https://openalex.org/W4244406333","https://openalex.org/W4246819370","https://openalex.org/W4247440417","https://openalex.org/W4248662690","https://openalex.org/W4248776318","https://openalex.org/W4249761526","https://openalex.org/W4250544842","https://openalex.org/W4254794180","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297845915","https://openalex.org/W4298352454","https://openalex.org/W4299539444","https://openalex.org/W4301228421","https://openalex.org/W4301446922","https://openalex.org/W4301850743","https://openalex.org/W4366172708","https://openalex.org/W4388087277","https://openalex.org/W4393275242","https://openalex.org/W6869184051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2514633127","https://openalex.org/W1991595752","https://openalex.org/W2253669802","https://openalex.org/W864510121","https://openalex.org/W2953131068","https://openalex.org/W4404170818","https://openalex.org/W2486883945","https://openalex.org/W2025479510","https://openalex.org/W7064566440","https://openalex.org/W2071989469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,98],"2003":[2],"study":[3],"of":[4,12,36,62,66,85,88,100],"China's":[5,71,129],"militarism,":[6],"Andrew":[7],"Scobell":[8,68],"examines":[9],"the":[10,24,33,37,42,50,63,80,83,115,123],"use":[11,134],"military":[13,44,108,135],"force":[14,136],"abroad":[15],"-":[16,28],"as":[17,31,110],"in":[18,41,46,58,90,114],"Korea":[19],"(1950),":[20],"Vietnam":[21],"(1979),":[22],"and":[23,29,40,120],"Taiwan":[25],"Strait":[26],"(1995\u20136)":[27],"domestically,":[30],"during":[32],"Cultural":[34],"Revolution":[35],"late":[38],"1960s":[39],"1989":[43],"crackdown":[45],"Tiananmen":[47],"Square.":[48],"Debunking":[49],"view":[51],"that":[52,70,97,128],"China":[53],"has":[54,74],"become":[55],"increasingly":[56],"belligerent":[57],"recent":[59],"years":[60],"because":[61],"growing":[64],"influence":[65],"soldiers,":[67],"concludes":[69],"strategic":[72,92],"culture":[73],"remained":[75],"unchanged":[76],"for":[77],"decades.":[78],"Nevertheless,":[79],"author":[81,95],"uncovers":[82],"existence":[84],"a":[86],"'Cult":[87,99],"Defense'":[89,101],"Chinese":[91,103],"culture.":[93],"The":[94],"warns":[96],"disposes":[102],"leaders":[104,132],"to":[105],"rationalize":[106],"all":[107],"deployment":[109],"defensive,":[111],"while":[112],"changes":[113],"People's":[116],"Liberation":[117],"Army's":[118],"doctrine":[119],"capabilities":[121],"over":[122],"past":[124],"two":[125],"decades":[126],"suggest":[127],"twenty-first":[130],"century":[131],"may":[133],"more":[137],"readily":[138],"than":[139],"their":[140],"predecessors.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}