{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2481317954","doi":null,"title":"INSTRUMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MONTMORILLONITE CLAYS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY, FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND UV/VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY","display_name":"INSTRUMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MONTMORILLONITE CLAYS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY, FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND UV/VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2481317954","mag":"2481317954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2481317954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://journals.jkuat.ac.ke/index.php/jagst/article/view/1218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112349803","display_name":"Ezekiel Maina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2910-8486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2910-8486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26805570","display_name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015h5sy57","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Maina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029368925","display_name":"Harrison Wanyika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-3778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-3778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26805570","display_name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015h5sy57","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harrison Wanyika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-3778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085309275","display_name":"Anthony Ngure Gachanja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-6744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-6744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26805570","display_name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015h5sy57","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Gachanja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-6744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071644041","display_name":"D Marika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26805570","display_name":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015h5sy57","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Marika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta  University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26805570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58186486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"224","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11852","display_name":"Clay minerals and soil interactions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11852","display_name":"Clay minerals and soil interactions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13108","display_name":"Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3603","display_name":"Complementary and Manual Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10501","display_name":"Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/montmorillonite","display_name":"montmorillonite","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clay-purification","display_name":"clay purification","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clay-mineral-characterization","display_name":"clay mineral characterization","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-oxide-content","display_name":"iron oxide content","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-groups","display_name":"functional groups","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromophores","display_name":"chromophores","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-structure","display_name":"crystal structure","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422131","display_name":"Montmorillonite","level":2,"score":0.8476582765579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.7771683931350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.5979866981506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5787816047668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40212044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799034","display_name":"Clay minerals","level":2,"score":0.5154884457588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332084","display_name":"Spectrophotometry","level":2,"score":0.5151582956314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50515024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826582","display_name":"X-ray crystallography","level":3,"score":0.4964028000831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.490875780582428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4878425598144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158711907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768467","display_name":"Fluorescence spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.48577383160591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66075629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898426","display_name":"Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4172844886779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40110164880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.37769824266433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.3275914192199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.28784406185150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.2462902069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.10414469242095947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08135560154914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.055035948753356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0548672080039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2481317954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://journals.jkuat.ac.ke/index.php/jagst/article/view/1218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1854494612","https://openalex.org/W4311443819","https://openalex.org/W2143572762","https://openalex.org/W2389554225","https://openalex.org/W2981632347","https://openalex.org/W7132602446","https://openalex.org/W2056656116","https://openalex.org/W1970205353","https://openalex.org/W79411994","https://openalex.org/W11282499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Montmorillonite":[0],"(MMT)":[1],"clay":[2,20,58,116,123,134],"has":[3],"properties":[4],"that":[5],"would":[6],"find":[7],"applications":[8],"in":[9,100,145],"biotechnological":[10],"and":[11,25,48,85,135],"biomedical":[12],"fields.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15,136],"study,":[16],"naturally":[17],"occurring":[18],"MMT":[19,115,133],"was":[21,33],"purified":[22],"using":[23,35,74],"sedimentation":[24],"centrifugation":[26],"techniques.":[27],"Characterization":[28],"of":[29,57,78,82,95,103,114,142,147,150],"the":[30,88,101,140],"prepared":[31],"materials":[32],"done":[34],"X-ray":[36,49],"Florescence":[37],"(XRF),":[38],"Fourier":[39],"Transform-Infrared":[40],"Spectroscopy":[41],"(FT-IR":[42],"Spectroscopy),":[43],"UV-Visible":[44],"Spectrophotometry":[45],"(UV/VIS":[46],"Spec)":[47],"Diffraction":[50],"Spectrometry":[51],"(XRD).":[52],"XRF":[53],"showed":[54],"chemical":[55],"composition":[56,71],"containing":[59],"Fe":[60],"2":[61],"O":[62],"3":[63],"as":[65,72,87,117,126],"a":[66,118],"major":[67,89,119],"component.":[68],"The":[69,128],"structural":[70],"revealed":[73],"FT-IR,":[75],"confirmed":[76,93,112,139],"presence":[77,94,113],"various":[79],"functional":[80],"groups":[81],"Si-O,":[83],"Al-OH":[84],"Si-O-Al":[86],"constituents.":[90],"UV/VIS":[91],"Spec":[92],"chromophores":[96],"which":[97],"absorbed":[98],"light":[99],"range":[102],"270-300":[104],"nm":[105],"confirming":[106],"FT-IR":[107],"results.":[108],"XRD":[109],"diffraction":[110],"patterns":[111],"component":[120],"with":[121],"illite":[122],"mineral":[124],"existing":[125],"impurity.":[127],"sample":[129],"contained":[130],"good":[131],"quality":[132],"study":[137],"further":[138],"usefulness":[141],"spectroscopic":[143],"techniques":[144],"determination":[146],"crystalline":[148],"nature":[149],"montmorillonite":[151],"clay.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
