{"id":"https://openalex.org/W248009580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.34.1.80","title":"Sex Tested, Gender Verified: Controlling Female Sexuality in the Age of Containment","display_name":"Sex Tested, Gender Verified: Controlling Female Sexuality in the Age of Containment","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W248009580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.34.1.80","mag":"248009580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/shr.34.1.80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.34.1.80","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.34.1.80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70737821","display_name":"Sport History Review","issn_l":"0712-9815","issn":["0712-9815","1087-1659","1543-2947"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sport History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018676792","display_name":"Ian Ritchie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian Ritchie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018676792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7933,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86033736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"80","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Physical Education and Sports Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-testing","display_name":"sex testing","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-verification","display_name":"gender verification","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-athletes","display_name":"female athletes","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olympic-games","display_name":"Olympic Games","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-olympic-committee","display_name":"International Olympic Committee","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-policy","display_name":"sports policy","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-sexuality","display_name":"female sexuality","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-construction-of-sex","display_name":"social construction of sex","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femininity","display_name":"femininity","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masculine-domination","display_name":"male hegemony","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-history","display_name":"sports history","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53813258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154136","display_name":"Human sexuality","level":2,"score":0.7489959597587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778868352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866081","display_name":"Femininity","level":2,"score":0.7288442254066467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5754261016845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.5447155237197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135121143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182034","display_name":"Hegemony","level":3,"score":0.53514564037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5099228620529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3980202078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3746870160102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36997196078300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28128761053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17334040999412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16357210278511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.09715002775192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/shr.34.1.80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.34.1.80","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.34.1.80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70737821","display_name":"Sport History Review","issn_l":"0712-9815","issn":["0712-9815","1087-1659","1543-2947"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sport History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000509907","https://openalex.org/W2287036379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240394846","https://openalex.org/W2916785675","https://openalex.org/W2048862471","https://openalex.org/W4244952919","https://openalex.org/W4229805131","https://openalex.org/W2096652912","https://openalex.org/W4248849299","https://openalex.org/W2765318344","https://openalex.org/W2604658831","https://openalex.org/W4231462756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"cern":[0],"of":[1,8,15,26,39,160,167,179,189,195,209],"this":[2],"paper:":[3],"the":[4,12,16,24,54,57,65,93,109,124,143,168,184,193,203,207],"emergence":[5],"and":[6,35,91,152,163,187,191,197,201,212],"control":[7,188],"modern":[9,180],"sexuality,":[10],"specifically":[11],"socio-historical":[13],"construction":[14,186],"sexual":[17],"body":[18,204],"in":[19,48,64,86,102,119,136,200,205],"sport.":[20,181],"What":[21],"follows":[22],"is":[23],"history":[25,166],"a":[27,97],"sport":[28],"policy.":[29],"The":[30,71,165],"so-called":[31],"\u201csex":[32,76],"test\u201d":[33],"policy":[34],"its":[36,113],"concomitant":[37],"battery":[38],"verification":[40],"procedures":[41],"was":[42,128],"imposed":[43],"upon":[44],"elite":[45],"female":[46],"athletes":[47,157],"major":[49,87],"international":[50,88],"athletic":[51,138],"competitions":[52],"from":[53],"1960s":[55],"until":[56],"IOC\u2019s":[58],"recent":[59],"decision":[60],"to":[61,73,104,129,174],"cancel":[62],"testing":[63],"2000":[66],"Sydney":[67],"Olympic":[68,94,121],"Games.":[69],"3":[70],"procedure\u2014referred":[72],"synonymously":[74],"as":[75,134],"testing,\u201d":[77],"\u201cgender":[78],"verification,\u201d":[79],"or":[80,99],"\u201cfemininity":[81],"controls\u201d\u2014required":[82],"that":[83],"women":[84],"entered":[85],"competitions\u2014most":[89],"notably":[90],"visibly":[92],"Games\u2014undergo":[95],"either":[96],"chromosomal":[98],"physical":[100],"inspection":[101],"order":[103],"\u201cverify\u201d":[105],"their":[106],"femininity.":[107],"Although":[108],"specific":[110],"reasons":[111],"for":[112],"implementation":[114],"were":[115],"never":[116],"cited":[117],"formerly":[118],"International":[120],"Committee":[122],"publications,":[123],"test\u2019s":[125,145],"apparent":[126],"purpose":[127],"guard":[130],"against":[131],"men":[132],"posing":[133],"females":[135],"women\u2019s":[137],"competition.":[139],"4":[140],"However,":[141],"beneath":[142],"sex":[144,169,190],"\u201cethical\u201d":[146],"integument":[147],"lay":[148],"sport\u2019s":[149],"gendered":[150],"practices":[151],"institutions,":[153],"ones":[154],"through":[155,202],"which":[156],"became":[158],"markers":[159],"social-sexual":[161],"normalcy":[162],"deviancy.":[164],"test":[170],"presents":[171],"an":[172],"opportunity":[173],"trace":[175],"several":[176],"gender-based":[177],"facets":[178],"These":[182],"include":[183],"social":[185,196],"sexuality;":[192],"operation":[194],"political":[198],"power":[199],"sport;":[206],"hegemony":[208],"male-controlled":[210],"scientific":[211],"medical":[213],"disciplines":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
