{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2476805166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","title":"The Competitive Advantage of Nations","display_name":"The Competitive Advantage of Nations","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2476805166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","mag":"2476805166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Business of Economics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1526505884","display_name":"The Business of Economics"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014069535","display_name":"John Kay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-8871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-8871"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Kay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014069535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91659272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.0357000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-based-view","display_name":"resource-based view","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-competitiveness","display_name":"national competitiveness","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constraints","display_name":"resource constraints","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-firm-networks","display_name":"inter-firm networks","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacit-knowledge","display_name":"tacit knowledge","score":0.9679999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.412159264087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25930657982826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0874384343624115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/0198292228.003.0010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Business of Economics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171670394","https://openalex.org/W583335829","https://openalex.org/W633999439","https://openalex.org/W647750348","https://openalex.org/W1501551894","https://openalex.org/W1517602275","https://openalex.org/W1535710113","https://openalex.org/W1539979088","https://openalex.org/W1566344170","https://openalex.org/W1587867038","https://openalex.org/W1760593174","https://openalex.org/W1929713391","https://openalex.org/W1970953161","https://openalex.org/W1975422955","https://openalex.org/W2008456691","https://openalex.org/W2024045908","https://openalex.org/W2029056730","https://openalex.org/W2070335567","https://openalex.org/W2070639717","https://openalex.org/W2074496262","https://openalex.org/W2080809009","https://openalex.org/W2101946146","https://openalex.org/W2117455041","https://openalex.org/W2123862379","https://openalex.org/W2134083539","https://openalex.org/W2134340455","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2140956556","https://openalex.org/W2313896093","https://openalex.org/W2463884114","https://openalex.org/W2481599945","https://openalex.org/W2559925174","https://openalex.org/W2612740709","https://openalex.org/W2797812752","https://openalex.org/W2806566552","https://openalex.org/W3121693921","https://openalex.org/W3124201178","https://openalex.org/W3146986146","https://openalex.org/W4232468884","https://openalex.org/W4235105470","https://openalex.org/W4237559611","https://openalex.org/W4251184559","https://openalex.org/W4298366344","https://openalex.org/W4299998035","https://openalex.org/W6633959632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100376136","https://openalex.org/W1991555510","https://openalex.org/W4388174469","https://openalex.org/W4402941032","https://openalex.org/W1641137035","https://openalex.org/W1581008107","https://openalex.org/W1514314224","https://openalex.org/W4247464370","https://openalex.org/W657262610","https://openalex.org/W7097616845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"chapter":[2],"explores":[3],"how":[4],"the":[5,14,20,37,40,50,67,83],"resource\u2010base":[6],"theory":[7],"of":[8,17,23,39,43,69,72,80,85,88],"strategy":[9],"can":[10],"be":[11],"extended":[12],"from":[13],"competitive":[15,21,41],"advantage":[16,22,42],"firms":[18,73],"to":[19,52],"countries.":[24],"A":[25],"country's":[26],"competitiveness":[27],"will":[28,64],"ultimately":[29],"depend":[30],"on":[31,66],"three":[32],"factors.":[33],"The":[34,47],"first":[35],"is":[36,49],"strength":[38],"its":[44],"individual":[45],"firms.":[46],"second":[48],"access":[51],"scarce":[53],"resources":[54],"that":[55],"are":[56],"available":[57],"within":[58],"a":[59,86],"country.":[60],"Most":[61],"importantly,":[62],"it":[63],"rely":[65],"existence":[68],"supportive":[70],"networks":[71],"and":[74,82],"activities,":[75],"which":[76],"facilitate:":[77],"speed,":[78],"flexibility":[79],"response,":[81],"construction":[84],"base":[87],"tacit":[89],"knowledge.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
