{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2476677832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","title":"Comparisons and Lessons","display_name":"Comparisons and Lessons","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2476677832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","mag":"2476677832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Local Government in Europe","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2476367325","display_name":"Local Government in Europe"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038407517","display_name":"Richard Batley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-0956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-0956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Batley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer in the Development Administration Group,\n        Institute of Local Government Studies, University of Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer in the Development Administration Group,\n        Institute of Local Government Studies, University of Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038407517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97338403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"210","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.5580999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.5580999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.21480000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.1665000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uk-local-government","display_name":"British local government","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government-reform","display_name":"local government reform","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-local-government","display_name":"comparative local government","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-local-government","display_name":"United States local government","score":0.7170000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.713653028011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.64675372838974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.54740309715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4478439688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.4434923827648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4342738389968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.33010077476501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2815348505973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2762584686279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.271687388420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21321-4_15","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Local Government in Europe","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73562266","https://openalex.org/W591008806","https://openalex.org/W654764800","https://openalex.org/W2029333987","https://openalex.org/W2036328076","https://openalex.org/W2297665669","https://openalex.org/W2417208431","https://openalex.org/W2488269033","https://openalex.org/W3114362887","https://openalex.org/W3144795142","https://openalex.org/W4234515810","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600935923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803144419","https://openalex.org/W4256249702","https://openalex.org/W2005130737","https://openalex.org/W1980047409","https://openalex.org/W4234193786","https://openalex.org/W646897825","https://openalex.org/W652471098","https://openalex.org/W1972239886","https://openalex.org/W2122200916","https://openalex.org/W631969850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,4,19,33,64,88,96,118,151,155,169,181],"the":[2,14,17,61,89,94,100,119,160],"purposes":[3],"this":[5,72,170],"book":[6,171],"has":[7,25,50,58],"been":[8,51,60],"to":[9,27,38,91,136,153],"introduce":[10],"new":[11,103],"ideas":[12],"into":[13],"debate":[15],"about":[16],"future":[18],"British":[20],"local":[21,34,97],"government.":[22],"Historically,":[23],"Britain":[24,132,146],"tended":[26],"see":[28],"itself":[29],"as":[30],"a":[31,44,52,201],"model":[32],"government":[35,98],"and":[36,99,123,157,178,197],"therefore":[37],"pursue":[39],"its":[40,164],"many":[41,87],"reforms":[42],"in":[43,108,115,124,140,159],"rather":[45,66],"parochial":[46],"way.":[47],"If":[48],"there":[49,175],"reference":[53],"point,":[54],"until":[55],"recently":[56],"it":[57,78,127,142],"often":[59],"United":[62],"States":[63],"America":[65],"than":[67,114],"other":[68,195],"European":[69],"countries.":[70],"Given":[71],"relative":[73],"insulation":[74],"from":[75],"continental":[76,137],"practice,":[77],"is":[79,133,143,147],"surprising":[80],"that":[81,86,131,145,174],"several":[82],"earlier":[83],"chapters":[84],"show":[85],"issues":[90],"do":[92,199],"with":[93,105],"role":[95],"search":[101],"for":[102],"relationships":[104],"citizens":[106],"are":[107,121,176],"common,":[109],"though":[110],"usually":[111],"less":[112],"urgently":[113],"Britain.":[116],"Many":[117],"solutions":[120],"shared,":[122],"some":[125],"respects":[126],"could":[128],"be":[129,173,191],"said":[130],"coming":[134],"nearer":[135],"practice;":[138],"but":[139],"general":[141],"clear":[144],"an":[148],"extreme":[149],"case":[150],"commitment":[152],"principles":[154],"marketisation,":[156],"exceptional":[158],"conflict":[161],"which":[162],"surrounds":[163],"reforms.":[165],"The":[166],"broadest":[167],"conclusion":[168],"must":[172],"alternative":[177],"viable":[179],"ways":[180],"doing":[182],"things.":[183],"Even":[184],"if":[185],"they":[186],"cannot":[187],"or":[188],"should":[189],"not":[190],"simply":[192],"adopted,":[193],"these":[194],"trends":[196],"practices":[198],"throw":[200],"cold":[202],"light":[203],"on":[204],"ideological":[205],"certainties.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
