{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2476021091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","title":"External Development Finance and the Choice of Technology","display_name":"External Development Finance and the Choice of Technology","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2476021091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","mag":"2476021091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology, Institutions and Government Policies","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2326464237","display_name":"Technology, Institutions and Government Policies"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John White","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John White","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16949153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13938","display_name":"Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-finance","display_name":"development finance","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid","display_name":"foreign aid","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-selection","display_name":"technology selection","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-assistance","display_name":"development aid","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-assistance-committee","display_name":"OECD Development Assistance Committee","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-development-institutions","display_name":"multilateral development agencies","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-oriented-development","display_name":"growth-oriented development","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donor-policy","display_name":"donor policy","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6220421195030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776922509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832027","display_name":"Trade and development","level":3,"score":0.5150187015533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5019252300262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865909","display_name":"Development aid","level":2,"score":0.49956250190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.4683275520801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4606729745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46029600501060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4497952461242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31020769476890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17907-7_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology, Institutions and Government Policies","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ilo:ilowps:992132213402676","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1981/81B09_542_engl.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1981/81B09_542_engl.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612369207","https://openalex.org/W623319196","https://openalex.org/W1525483795","https://openalex.org/W1556662288","https://openalex.org/W1706463611","https://openalex.org/W1967030322","https://openalex.org/W1994014008","https://openalex.org/W2019412218","https://openalex.org/W2030156495","https://openalex.org/W2156222180","https://openalex.org/W2157185969","https://openalex.org/W2277356706","https://openalex.org/W2326883619","https://openalex.org/W2334942604","https://openalex.org/W2479065270","https://openalex.org/W2511291197","https://openalex.org/W2732438263","https://openalex.org/W2795676624","https://openalex.org/W4302588444","https://openalex.org/W4392635516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904333025","https://openalex.org/W2532996956","https://openalex.org/W3022662608","https://openalex.org/W3207878220","https://openalex.org/W3116842700","https://openalex.org/W2240122895","https://openalex.org/W2921760302","https://openalex.org/W4400420993","https://openalex.org/W2770093816","https://openalex.org/W4230455709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,52],"the":[1,22,33,53,59,62,66,69,78,81,93,101,181,187,199,212,218,230,237,243],"period":[2],"in":[3,14,21,36,43,75,91,131,161,184,186],"which":[4,160],"aid":[5,98,135,206],"2":[6],"began":[7],"to":[8,106,138,143,149,168],"emerge":[9],"as":[10,45,109,217,242],"an":[11,46],"important":[12],"element":[13],"relations":[15,38],"between":[16],"developed":[17],"and":[18,29,77,88,100,114,154,211,227,236],"developing":[19],"countries,":[20],"1950s,":[23],"it":[24,129],"was":[25,120,136,147,177],"seen":[26,108],"by":[27,32,225,229],"donors,":[28],"more":[30,172],"especially":[31],"United":[34,83],"States":[35],"its":[37,40],"with":[39,208],"strategic":[41],"allies":[42],"Asia":[44],"instrument":[47],"of":[48,61,68,80,111,127,151,198,202,214],"foreign":[49],"policy.":[50],"3":[51],"early":[54],"1960s,":[55],"perceptions":[56],"changed.":[57],"With":[58],"initiation":[60],"First":[63],"Development":[64,71,89],"Decade,":[65],"establishment":[67],"OECD\u2019s":[70],"Assistance":[72],"Committee":[73],"(DAC)":[74],"1961":[76],"holding":[79],"first":[82,182],"Nations":[84],"Conference":[85],"on":[86,196],"Trade":[87],"(UNCTAD)":[90],"1964,":[92],"Western":[94],"donor":[95],"countries\u2019":[96],"bilateral":[97],"programmes":[99,104],"multilateral":[102],"agencies\u2019":[103],"came":[105],"be":[107,240],"part":[110],"a":[112,123],"worldwide":[113],"collective":[115,174],"development":[116,146,203],"effort.":[117],"But":[118],"there":[119],"still":[121],"not":[122,228],"very":[124],"precise":[125],"view":[126,176],"what":[128],"was,":[130],"developmental":[132],"terms,":[133],"that":[134,145,155,191],"intended":[137],"achieve.":[139],"Donors":[140],"tended":[141],"simply":[142],"assume":[144],"identical":[148],"growth":[150],"national":[152],"product,":[153],"they":[156],"were":[157,223],"providing":[158],"resources":[159],"one":[162],"way":[163],"or":[164],"another":[165],"would":[166],"contribute":[167],"accelerated":[169],"growth.":[170],"A":[171],"refined":[173],"donors\u2019":[175],"presented":[178],"explicitly":[179],"for":[180,190],"time":[183],"1968,":[185],"DAC":[188],"report":[189],"year.":[192],"It":[193],"focused":[194],"attention":[195],"identification":[197],"direct":[200],"beneficiaries":[201],"expenditure,":[204],"including":[205],"funds,":[207],"employment":[209],"creation":[210],"alleviation":[213],"poverty":[215],"viewed":[216],"main":[219],"objectives.":[220],"These":[221],"keywords":[222,238],"added":[224],"machine":[226],"authors.":[231],"This":[232],"process":[233],"is":[234],"experimental":[235],"may":[239],"updated":[241],"learning":[244],"algorithm":[245],"improves.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}