{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2475201666","doi":null,"title":"Facial expression analysis on manifolds","display_name":"Facial expression analysis on manifolds","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2475201666","mag":"2475201666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2475201666","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1237070","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085409762","display_name":"Matthew Turk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-8401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-8401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Turk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-8401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111648782","display_name":"Ya Hsin Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.40139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.40139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.37279999256134033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.21400000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"facial expression recognition","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-deformation","display_name":"facial deformation","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipschitz-embeddings","display_name":"Lipschitz embeddings","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-facial-expressions","display_name":"basic facial expressions","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-action-units","display_name":"facial action units","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.7627810835838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6011697053909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.5331968665122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.4702509641647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4046623110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38787394762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34514299035072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3123186230659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.17553335428237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08469754457473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2475201666","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1237070","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126843048","https://openalex.org/W172249463","https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W1509031088","https://openalex.org/W1554981240","https://openalex.org/W1654072534","https://openalex.org/W1910898529","https://openalex.org/W1957723580","https://openalex.org/W1968773332","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2021127571","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2063491776","https://openalex.org/W2075688085","https://openalex.org/W2079844951","https://openalex.org/W2096619076","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2109774206","https://openalex.org/W2112148214","https://openalex.org/W2120729490","https://openalex.org/W2122007052","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2134031328","https://openalex.org/W2134331998","https://openalex.org/W2134849720","https://openalex.org/W2137306662","https://openalex.org/W2143875529","https://openalex.org/W2151168984","https://openalex.org/W2153992777","https://openalex.org/W2156516654","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2159361280","https://openalex.org/W2161058962","https://openalex.org/W2161634108","https://openalex.org/W2170653751","https://openalex.org/W2170858770","https://openalex.org/W2171022634","https://openalex.org/W2172182949","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W3034751874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075688085","https://openalex.org/W7095941268","https://openalex.org/W7097049230","https://openalex.org/W1554981240","https://openalex.org/W2064626213","https://openalex.org/W2004683109","https://openalex.org/W7100812296","https://openalex.org/W2205937646","https://openalex.org/W2159153878","https://openalex.org/W2116518959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"expression":[1,30,37,42,57,149,184,191,243,352,369,373],"is":[2,208,289],"one":[3,110],"of":[4,52,55,65,70,88,119,141,159,213,217,225,234,265,268,284,286,296,298,302,312,328,349,357,367],"the":[5,50,53,60,63,86,102,116,120,142,152,179,190,200,211,214,218,241,248,274,282,294,310,313,333],"most":[6,334],"powerful":[7],"means":[8],"for":[9,137,325],"people":[10],"to":[11,98,109,199,293,345],"coordinate":[12],"conversation":[13],"and":[14,17,21,40,94,169,375],"communicate":[15],"emotions":[16],"other":[18,136],"mental,":[19],"social,":[20],"physiological":[22],"cues.":[23],"We":[24,145],"address":[25],"two":[26],"problems":[27],"in":[28,32,78,105,123,247,263,277],"facial":[29,36,41,56,68,103,162,227,237,242,261,280,304,337,368,372],"recognition":[31,43,244,327,341,347,385],"this":[33,358],"thesis:":[34],"global":[35],"space":[38],"representation":[39],"method":[44],"with":[45,387],"objective":[46,388],"measurement.":[47,389],"\r\nWe":[48],"propose":[49],"concept":[51],"manifold":[54,76,249,301,366],"based":[58,364],"on":[59,151,189,365],"observation":[61],"that":[62,91,197,320,331],"images":[64],"all":[66,106,235],"possible":[67],"deformations":[69,104,288],"an":[71],"individual":[72],"make":[73],"a":[74,79,124,138,147,182,187,195,231,382],"smooth":[75],"embedded":[77,180],"high":[80,346],"dimensional":[81,126],"image":[82],"space.":[83],"To":[84,239],"combine":[85],"manifolds":[87],"different":[89,132,206],"subjects":[90,133],"vary":[92],"significantly":[93],"are":[95,156],"usually":[96],"hard":[97],"align,":[99],"we":[100,172,251],"transfer":[101],"training":[107],"videos":[108],"standard":[111,121],"model.":[112],"Lipschitz":[113],"embedding":[114],"embeds":[115],"normalized":[117],"deformation":[118,262],"model":[122,150,363],"low":[125],"Generalized":[127],"Manifold.":[128],"Deformation":[129],"data":[130],"from":[131,194],"complement":[134],"each":[135,303],"better":[139],"description":[140],"true":[143],"manifold.":[144,154,315],"learn":[146],"probabilistic":[148,362],"generalized":[153],"There":[155],"six":[157,219,223,350],"kinds":[158,224,267],"universally":[160],"recognized":[161],"expressions:":[163],"happiness,":[164],"sadness,":[165],"fear,":[166],"anger,":[167],"disgust,":[168],"surprise,":[170],"which":[171],"explicitly":[173],"represent":[174,371],"as":[175,210,309],"basic":[176,220,226,351],"expressions.":[177,221],"In":[178],"space,":[181],"complete":[183],"sequence":[185],"becomes":[186],"path":[188],"manifold,":[192],"emanating":[193],"center":[196],"corresponds":[198],"neutral":[201],"expression.":[202],"The":[203,300,316,339],"transition":[204],"between":[205],"expressions":[207,228],"represented":[209],"evolution":[212],"posterior":[215],"probability":[216],"\r\nThese":[222],"comprise":[229],"only":[230],"small":[232],"subset":[233],"visible":[236],"deformation.":[238],"measure":[240],"rate":[245],"precisely":[246],"model,":[250],"developed":[252],"Regional":[253,378],"FACS":[254,259,340,379,384],"(Facial":[255],"Action":[256,269],"Coding":[257],"System).":[258],"encodes":[260],"terms":[264],"44":[266],"Units":[270],"(AU).":[271],"By":[272],"learning":[273],"AU":[275],"combinations":[276,285,297],"9":[278],"separate":[279],"regions,":[281],"number":[283,295],"regional":[287,305],"dramatically":[290],"decreased":[291],"compared":[292],"AUs.":[299],"can":[306,370],"be":[307],"considered":[308],"sub-vector":[311],"whole":[314],"experimental":[317],"results":[318,342],"demonstrate":[319],"our":[321],"system":[322,380],"works":[323],"effectively":[324],"automatic":[326],"29":[329],"AUs":[330],"cover":[332],"frequently":[335],"appearing":[336],"deformations.":[338],"also":[343],"lead":[344],"accuracy":[348],"categories.":[353],"\r\nThe":[354],"main":[355],"contributions":[356],"thesis":[359],"are:":[360],"(1)\u00a0A":[361],"analytically":[374],"globally;":[376],"(2)\u00a0The":[377],"provides":[381],"novel":[383],"solution":[386]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
