{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2474976133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","title":"Disadvantaging Comparative Advantages: The Problem of Decreasing Returns","display_name":"Disadvantaging Comparative Advantages: The Problem of Decreasing Returns","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2474976133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","mag":"2474976133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Market Forces and World Development","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142778581","display_name":"Market Forces and World Development"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066979238","display_name":"Kunibert Raffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-2367","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-2367"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunibert Raffer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066979238"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20078355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"75","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decreasing-returns-to-scale","display_name":"decreasing returns to scale","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-advantage","display_name":"comparative advantage","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-theory","display_name":"trade theory","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-production","display_name":"global production","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165083353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282942","display_name":"Returns to scale","level":3,"score":0.7759732604026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6351147890090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6152725219726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76474335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215551","display_name":"Comparative advantage","level":2,"score":0.57532799243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46181949973106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4203881323337555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.350068062543869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.34970730543136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23254919052124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.18317973613739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.1493523120880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08543425798416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23138-6_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Market Forces and World Development","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148464764","https://openalex.org/W164807613","https://openalex.org/W814719500","https://openalex.org/W1542915826","https://openalex.org/W1607403541","https://openalex.org/W1988936336","https://openalex.org/W2006301145","https://openalex.org/W2073119201","https://openalex.org/W2139912184","https://openalex.org/W2331035882","https://openalex.org/W2607156898","https://openalex.org/W3123530685","https://openalex.org/W4233343835","https://openalex.org/W4249465264","https://openalex.org/W4255509515","https://openalex.org/W4289259825","https://openalex.org/W4299992304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1931677558","https://openalex.org/W1496880078","https://openalex.org/W3040813767","https://openalex.org/W1482199558","https://openalex.org/W7096287795","https://openalex.org/W2500171208","https://openalex.org/W1512983172","https://openalex.org/W2338337780","https://openalex.org/W1542876950","https://openalex.org/W3141435630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"effects":[1],"of":[2,24,55],"increasing":[3],"returns":[4,26],"to":[5,63],"scale":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"discussed":[9],"for":[10],"quite":[11],"some":[12],"time":[13],"by":[14,46,80,84],"economists":[15],"focusing":[16],"on":[17],"trade":[18],"theory.":[19],"By":[20],"contrast,":[21],"the":[22,85,92,98],"case":[23,38],"decreasing":[25],"has":[27],"not":[28,83],"received":[29],"much":[30],"attention":[31],"so":[32],"far.":[33],"Even":[34],"though":[35],"this":[36],"latter":[37],"was":[39],"classified":[40],"as":[41,97],"posing":[42],"little":[43],"analytical":[44],"difficulty":[45],"Jones":[47],"and":[48,72,82,91],"Neary":[49],"(1984,":[50],"p.":[51],"48),":[52],"it":[53],"is":[54,89],"particular":[56],"interest":[57],"because":[58],"absolutely":[59],"rational":[60],"specialisation":[61],"according":[62],"(static)":[64],"comparative":[65],"costs":[66],"may":[67,94],"finally":[68],"result":[69],"in":[70],"immiserisation":[71],"decreased":[73],"(global)":[74],"output.":[75],"These":[76],"keywords":[77,93],"were":[78],"added":[79],"machine":[81],"authors.":[86],"This":[87],"process":[88],"experimental":[90],"be":[95],"updated":[96],"learning":[99],"algorithm":[100],"improves.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}