{"id":"https://openalex.org/W247288908","doi":null,"title":"Metropolitan America: beyond the transition.","display_name":"Metropolitan America: beyond the transition.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W247288908","mag":"247288908","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12316418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12316418","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12316418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Population bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046805860","display_name":"William H. Frey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-0794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-0794"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W H Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046805860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.4634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99233449,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12502","display_name":"Urbanization and City Planning","score":0.4350999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12502","display_name":"Urbanization and City Planning","score":0.4350999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.23489999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.20749999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-growth","display_name":"metropolitan growth","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-metropolitan-areas","display_name":"non-metropolitan areas","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-renaissance","display_name":"rural renaissance","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-distribution","display_name":"population distribution","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-cities","display_name":"global cities","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/command-and-control-centers","display_name":"command and control centers","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-migration","display_name":"retirement migration","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburbanization","display_name":"suburbanization","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-immigration","display_name":"Hispanic immigration","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-immigration","display_name":"Asian immigration","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-poverty","display_name":"Black poverty","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-migration","display_name":"urban-rural migration","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.8332948088645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6276450157165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5723740458488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.5030013918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4973004162311554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4884308874607086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4838048815727234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.449483722448349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.44657155871391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.4354173541069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3217375874519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.32147353887557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28341054916381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16769450902938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1473425030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000569","descriptor_name":"Americas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003469","descriptor_name":"Culture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005843","descriptor_name":"Geography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009656","descriptor_name":"North America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011153","descriptor_name":"Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011154","descriptor_name":"Population Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011157","descriptor_name":"Population Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014507","descriptor_name":"Urbanization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019049","descriptor_name":"Developed Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12316418","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12316418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Population bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:247288908","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12316418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.875},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41999998688697815}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W264298065","https://openalex.org/W563164259","https://openalex.org/W649854993","https://openalex.org/W1493445115","https://openalex.org/W1982625636","https://openalex.org/W1983863863","https://openalex.org/W2001695211","https://openalex.org/W2022323950","https://openalex.org/W2036594209","https://openalex.org/W2107202507","https://openalex.org/W2283194235","https://openalex.org/W2318818982","https://openalex.org/W2330758086","https://openalex.org/W2480525776","https://openalex.org/W2492773910","https://openalex.org/W2504236456","https://openalex.org/W2617508617","https://openalex.org/W3143826216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096048585","https://openalex.org/W9720864","https://openalex.org/W2259472654","https://openalex.org/W7097311822","https://openalex.org/W2086317446","https://openalex.org/W2128394960","https://openalex.org/W7098894221","https://openalex.org/W2008662107","https://openalex.org/W1013062610","https://openalex.org/W2504236456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Americans":[0,212],"have":[1,122],"always":[2],"gravitated":[3],"toward":[4],"cities,":[5],"and":[6,41,66,94,108,115,136,139,142,148,159,167,189,208,229,234],"for":[7,69,92],"most":[8],"of":[9,30,45,57,63,82,99,118,173,187,198,225],"this":[10],"century,":[11],"urban":[12],"growth":[13,71],"has":[14,194],"continued":[15],"at":[16,27,113],"a":[17,80],"fast":[18],"pace.":[19],"During":[20],"the":[21,28,38,55,58,60,64,97,100,105,109,127,192,196,206,216],"1970s,":[22,59],"however,":[23],"nonmetropolitan":[24,88,162],"area":[25],"grew":[26],"expense":[29],"many":[31],"large":[32,101,223],"metropolitan":[33,73,177,203],"areas,":[34],"especially":[35],"those":[36],"in":[37,72,87,126,156,191,202,205,231],"industrial":[39],"Northeast":[40],"Midwest.":[42],"New":[43,134],"patterns":[44,62,125],"population":[46,158],"distribution":[47,172],"appeared":[48],"to":[49,154,215],"be":[50],"emerging.":[51],"This":[52],"Bulletin":[53],"analyzes":[54],"trends":[56],"shifting":[61],"1980s,":[65,128],"likely":[67],"prospects":[68],"future":[70],"areas.":[74,237],"The":[75,171,184],"\"rural":[76],"renaissance\"":[77],"resulted":[78],"from":[79],"combination":[81],"forces,":[83],"including":[84],"improved":[85],"infrastructure":[86],"area,":[89],"growing":[90],"demand":[91],"retirement":[93],"recreation":[95],"spots,":[96],"entrance":[98],"baby-boom":[102],"cohort":[103],"into":[104],"labor":[106],"force,":[107],"economic":[110],"situation":[111],"both":[112,157,227,232],"home":[114],"abroad.":[116],"Some":[117],"these":[119,199],"same":[120],"forces":[121],"shifted":[123],"settlement":[124],"helping":[129],"create":[130],"\"World":[131],"Cities,\"":[132],"like":[133],"York":[135],"San":[137],"Francisco,":[138],"regional":[140],"\"Command":[141],"Control":[143],"Centers\"":[144],"such":[145],"as":[146],"Atlanta":[147],"Minneapolis-St.":[149],"Paul,":[150],"that":[151],"will":[152],"continue":[153],"gain":[155],"influence.":[160],"Yet":[161,222],"areas":[163,204],"still":[164],"attract":[165],"retirees":[166],"other":[168],"former":[169],"urbanites.":[170],"minority":[174],"groups":[175],"among":[176],"populations":[178],"is":[179],"also":[180],"undergoing":[181],"significant":[182],"change.":[183],"heavy":[185],"immigration":[186],"Hispanics":[188],"Asians":[190],"1980s":[193],"increased":[195],"proportion":[197],"groups,":[200],"particularly":[201],"South":[207],"West.":[209],"More":[210],"black":[211,228],"are":[213],"moving":[214],"suburbs":[217],"formerly":[218],"dominated":[219],"by":[220],"whites.":[221],"pockets":[224],"poverty--of":[226],"whites--remain":[230],"suburban":[233],"central":[235],"city":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
