{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2471944074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","title":"Mean Versus Median for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test","display_name":"Mean Versus Median for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2471944074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","mag":"2471944074","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7676167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42921845","display_name":"SLEEP","issn_l":"0161-8105","issn":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sleep","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003954328","display_name":"Selim R. Benbadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-5492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-5492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Selim R. Benbadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A","Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael Perry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087538664","display_name":"Barbara R. Wolgamuth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara R. Wolgamuth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000840985","display_name":"John P. Turnbull","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Turnbull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111798481","display_name":"Wallace B. Mendelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316902750","display_name":"Cleveland Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjacd83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wallace B. Mendelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003954328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316902750"],"apc_list":{"value":4388,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4388},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7029,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84869059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"342","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.7163000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.7163000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.19189999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sleep-latency-test","display_name":"multiple sleep latency test","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measures-of-central-tendency","display_name":"measures of central tendency","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excessive-daytime-sleepiness","display_name":"excessive daytime sleepiness","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersomnolence","display_name":"hypersomnolence","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-interpretation","display_name":"test interpretation","score":0.38499999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777446050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664214","display_name":"Multiple Sleep Latency Test","level":5,"score":0.8795990943908691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4985668659210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4130380153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.36376386880874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3587992191314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3518252372741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781433485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3144201","display_name":"Excessive daytime sleepiness","level":4,"score":0.33983510732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1513209611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190","display_name":"Sleep disorder","level":3,"score":0.2246626913547516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.12346023321151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.11205542087554932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009290","descriptor_name":"Narcolepsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012895","descriptor_name":"Sleep, REM","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.5.342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42921845","display_name":"SLEEP","issn_l":"0161-8105","issn":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sleep","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7676167","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7676167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sleep","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082140742","https://openalex.org/W2409487943","https://openalex.org/W2409984749","https://openalex.org/W4247945146","https://openalex.org/W6843930405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W179022221","https://openalex.org/W2406427592","https://openalex.org/W2402637399","https://openalex.org/W2085130105","https://openalex.org/W186381381","https://openalex.org/W2801702222","https://openalex.org/W2747977960","https://openalex.org/W2038294454","https://openalex.org/W3165288862","https://openalex.org/W4387265093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"its":[1],"introduction":[2],"in":[3,83,167],"the":[4,6,14,29,41,49,52,59,73,76,79,84,87,133,136,162,168,183,210,213],"mid-1970s,":[5],"multiple":[7],"sleep":[8,22,81,114,138],"latency":[9,23,82],"test":[10],"(MSLT)":[11],"has":[12],"become":[13],"standard":[15,120],"method":[16],"for":[17,32,95,209,220],"evaluating":[18],"hypersomnolence.":[19],"The":[20,65],"mean":[21,77,134,175],"is":[24],"usually":[25],"calculated":[26,117],"and":[27,35,112,135,149,155,199],"constitutes":[28],"traditional":[30],"basis":[31],"interpretation.":[33],"Mean":[34,111],"median":[36,60,80,113,137,177],"are":[37,54,217],"both":[38,132,215],"measures":[39,216],"of":[40,44,51,67,75,86,97,128,212],"central":[42],"tendency":[43],"a":[45],"distribution,":[46],"but":[47],"because":[48],"trials":[50],"MSLT":[53],"limited":[55],"to":[56,71,106,119],"20":[57],"minutes,":[58],"may":[61],"be":[62],"more":[63],"appropriate.":[64],"objective":[66],"this":[68],"study":[69,202],"was":[70,178],"compare":[72],"value":[74],"versus":[78],"interpretation":[85],"MSLT.":[88],"We":[89,122],"retrospectively":[90],"analyzed":[91],"100":[92,163],"MSLTs":[93],"performed":[94],"evaluation":[96],"excessive":[98],"daytime":[99],"sleepiness.":[100],"Patients'":[101],"ages":[102],"ranged":[103],"from":[104],"6":[105],"84":[107],"years":[108],"(mean":[109],"43).":[110],"latencies":[115],"were":[116,188],"according":[118],"formulas.":[121],"classified":[123],"each":[124],"record":[125],"into":[126],"one":[127,190],"three":[129],"categories,":[130],"using":[131],"latencies:":[139],"normal":[140,198],"(>":[141,145],"10":[142,153],"minutes),":[143,154],"moderate":[144],"or":[146,151,176],"=":[147,152],"5":[148,159],"<":[150],"severe":[156],"sleepiness":[157],"(<":[158],"minutes).":[160],"Of":[161],"MSLTs,":[164],"89":[165],"remained":[166],"same":[169],"category":[170,184],"(normal,":[171],"moderate,":[172],"severe)":[173],"whether":[174],"used.":[179],"In":[180],"11":[181],"cases,":[182],"changed.":[185],"All":[186],"shifts":[187],"by":[189],"category,":[191],"that":[192],"is,":[193],"no":[194],"shift":[195],"occurred":[196],"between":[197],"severe.":[200],"This":[201],"suggests":[203],"that,":[204],"despite":[205],"valid":[206],"theoretical":[207],"arguments":[208],"use":[211],"median,":[214],"equally":[218],"acceptable":[219],"clinical":[221],"purposes.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}