{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2471269845","doi":null,"title":"Gradual versus rapid dawn simulation treatment of winter depression.","display_name":"Gradual versus rapid dawn simulation treatment of winter depression.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2471269845","mag":"2471269845","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1429475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1429475","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1429475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030847798","display_name":"David Avery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-0202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-0202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D H Avery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109081794","display_name":"M. A. Bolte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M A Bolte","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057771543","display_name":"M. S. Millet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M S Millet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83540959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"10","first_page":"359","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.11069999635219574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-affective-disorder","display_name":"seasonal affective disorder","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bright-light-therapy","display_name":"bright light therapy","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-effect","display_name":"placebo effect","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-morning-awakening","display_name":"early morning awakening","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.7711144685745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.7429466247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7218948602676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87813604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242899","display_name":"Crossover study","level":4,"score":0.619750440120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776122933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243570","display_name":"Light therapy","level":3,"score":0.5320602059364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.5108596682548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4476604759693146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776466505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385555","display_name":"Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression","level":4,"score":0.44121846556663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43903180956840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993089816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385555","display_name":"Hamilton depression scale","level":4,"score":0.4225325584411621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2517373561859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2497219443321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.16240376234054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121446783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208353","display_name":"Circadian rhythm","level":2,"score":0.13950440287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.09122928977012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.06445276737213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777198177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3765927","display_name":"Hamd","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002940","descriptor_name":"Circadian Rhythm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010789","descriptor_name":"Phototherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014851","descriptor_name":"Wakefulness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015990","descriptor_name":"Placebo Effect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016574","descriptor_name":"Seasonal Affective Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016574","descriptor_name":"Seasonal Affective Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016574","descriptor_name":"Seasonal Affective Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1429475","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1429475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:2471269845","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1429475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1901749676","display_name":"EEG SLEEP AND TEMPERATURE RHYTHM IN PRIMARY DEPRESSION","funder_award_id":"K01MH000493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469741751","https://openalex.org/W1989982507","https://openalex.org/W2080748222","https://openalex.org/W2025271148","https://openalex.org/W2158529465","https://openalex.org/W2039816386","https://openalex.org/W1995249472","https://openalex.org/W2037537166","https://openalex.org/W2159491196","https://openalex.org/W2159190641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Bright":[1],"light":[2,18,220],"therapy":[3,221],"has":[4],"been":[5],"shown":[6,215],"to":[7,125,135,213,225],"be":[8],"effective":[9],"in":[10,22,30,216],"treating":[11],"winter":[12,61],"depression.":[13,108],"Dawn":[14],"simulation,":[15],"a":[16,38,43,47,53,66,75,86,184,199,240],"low-illuminance":[17],"that":[19,214],"gradually":[20],"increases":[21],"intensity":[23],"while":[24],"the":[25,93,105,121,131,159,165,178,189,196,234,244,248],"person":[26],"sleeps,":[27],"decreased":[28,118,172],"depression":[29,62],"an":[31,204],"uncontrolled":[32],"study.":[33],"The":[34,141,207,230],"present":[35],"study":[36],"compares":[37],"gradual":[39,122,160,235,245],"dawn":[40,49,69,78,123,133,161,167,175,192,236,246],"signal":[41],"with":[42,60,65,158,164],"hypothesized":[44],"placebo":[45,185,201],"condition,":[46],"rapid":[48,132,166,249],"signal.":[50],"METHOD:":[51],"In":[52],"4-week,":[54],"randomized":[55],"crossover":[56],"design,":[57],"nine":[58],"patients":[59],"were":[63],"treated":[64],"gradual,":[67],"2.5-hour":[68],"simulation":[70,79,193],"for":[71,80,113,119,145],"1":[72,81],"week":[73,98],"and":[74,99,130,222],"rapid,":[76],"10-minute":[77],"week.":[82],"Both":[83],"dawns":[84],"had":[85],"maximum":[87],"illuminance":[88],"of":[89,95,107,180,191,209,218,243],"275":[90],"lux.":[91],"At":[92],"end":[94],"each":[96],"baseline":[97],"treatment":[100],"week,":[101],"blind":[102],"raters":[103],"assessed":[104],"level":[106],"RESULTS:":[109],"Hamilton":[110],"Rating":[111],"Scale":[112],"Depression":[114,171],"mean":[115],"scores":[116],"significantly":[117,152],"both":[120,146,174],"(17.7":[124],"5.9,":[126],"p":[127,137],"<":[128,138,154],".05)":[129,139],"(17.2":[134],"7.0,":[136],"condition.":[140,169],"improvement":[142,181,210],"was":[143,151,182,211],"similar":[144,212],"treatments.":[147],"Early":[148],"morning":[149],"awakening":[150],"(p":[153],".01)":[155],"more":[156],"common":[157],"(7/9)":[162],"than":[163,188],"(1/9)":[168],"CONCLUSION:":[170],"under":[173],"simulations.":[176],"Because":[177],"degree":[179,208],"similar,":[183],"effect":[186,202],"rather":[187],"efficacy":[190],"might":[194],"explain":[195],"results.":[197],"However,":[198],"mere":[200],"is":[203],"unlikely":[205],"explanation.":[206],"studies":[217],"bright":[219],"clearly":[223],"superior":[224],"previous":[226],"\"placebo\"":[227],"control":[228],"conditions.":[229],"side":[231],"effects":[232],"from":[233],"may":[237],"have":[238],"obscured":[239],"potential":[241],"superiority":[242],"over":[247],"dawn.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}
