{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2470946255","doi":null,"title":"Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV co-infection : epidemiology, natural history and the host-viral responses","display_name":"Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV co-infection : epidemiology, natural history and the host-viral responses","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2470946255","mag":"2470946255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/940032","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/940032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053124469","display_name":"Mark Danta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-6811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-6811"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Danta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-6811","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053124469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-hepatitis-c","display_name":"acute hepatitis C","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-hcv-coinfection","display_name":"HIV/HCV coinfection","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-transmission","display_name":"HCV transmission","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-t-cell-responses","display_name":"CD4+ T cell responses","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-hcv-infection","display_name":"HCV persistence","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-clearance","display_name":"HCV clearance","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-host-interactions","display_name":"host-virus interaction","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-epidemiology","display_name":"HCV epidemiology","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14500911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3413375","display_name":"Viral quasispecies","level":4,"score":0.8512073159217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.7015775442123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.6121375560760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5454126596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.532966136932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869","display_name":"Hepatitis C","level":2,"score":0.4957202672958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.47765862941741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776408679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708693","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus","level":3,"score":0.43568485975265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4267013669013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97669555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118435","display_name":"Molecular epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.4262896478176117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39920467138290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.17720380425453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11970901489257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.10816299915313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10703235864639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/940032","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/940032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2470946255","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/theses/ETH/440528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508234","display_name":"Doctoral thesis, University of London.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, University of London.","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":274,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22122639","https://openalex.org/W35127109","https://openalex.org/W69879529","https://openalex.org/W81451767","https://openalex.org/W101647566","https://openalex.org/W112717093","https://openalex.org/W194843704","https://openalex.org/W248249256","https://openalex.org/W338873518","https://openalex.org/W1505139021","https://openalex.org/W1511803520","https://openalex.org/W1512943765","https://openalex.org/W1539316786","https://openalex.org/W1539902512","https://openalex.org/W1560285788","https://openalex.org/W1577313450","https://openalex.org/W1796089723","https://openalex.org/W1874253413","https://openalex.org/W1892354963","https://openalex.org/W1897295917","https://openalex.org/W1907806866","https://openalex.org/W1965055316","https://openalex.org/W1966459014","https://openalex.org/W1966954097","https://openalex.org/W1967080996","https://openalex.org/W1967502745","https://openalex.org/W1970888962","https://openalex.org/W1972208581","https://openalex.org/W1972301325","https://openalex.org/W1974879228","https://openalex.org/W1975706638","https://openalex.org/W1976617112","https://openalex.org/W1977673668","https://openalex.org/W1978606949","https://openalex.org/W1978839772","https://openalex.org/W1979931682","https://openalex.org/W1980413518","https://openalex.org/W1981136135","https://openalex.org/W1982434922","https://openalex.org/W1982554992","https://openalex.org/W1982780078","https://openalex.org/W1983314702","https://openalex.org/W1984099333","https://openalex.org/W1984904359","https://openalex.org/W1985234901","https://openalex.org/W1985887476","https://openalex.org/W1986013904","https://openalex.org/W1986859702","https://openalex.org/W1988347666","https://openalex.org/W1988917007","https://openalex.org/W1989098951","https://openalex.org/W1989874976","https://openalex.org/W1990058709","https://openalex.org/W1990667627","https://openalex.org/W1990781694","https://openalex.org/W1991882420","https://openalex.org/W1993023565","https://openalex.org/W1993484328","https://openalex.org/W1994340919","https://openalex.org/W1994838458","https://openalex.org/W1996434966","https://openalex.org/W1996615242","https://openalex.org/W1998362279","https://openalex.org/W2000390686","https://openalex.org/W2001634163","https://openalex.org/W2002464488","https://openalex.org/W2004602615","https://openalex.org/W2004651002","https://openalex.org/W2006191120","https://openalex.org/W2006309458","https://openalex.org/W2006762876","https://openalex.org/W2006995154","https://openalex.org/W2007560339","https://openalex.org/W2009596137","https://openalex.org/W2010288099","https://openalex.org/W2010899064","https://openalex.org/W2013510577","https://openalex.org/W2013740977","https://openalex.org/W2013847854","https://openalex.org/W2014708071","https://openalex.org/W2015688104","https://openalex.org/W2017775841","https://openalex.org/W2018964760","https://openalex.org/W2019766614","https://openalex.org/W2021435909","https://openalex.org/W2021951172","https://openalex.org/W2026286469","https://openalex.org/W2027379295","https://openalex.org/W2027545702","https://openalex.org/W2028043775","https://openalex.org/W2028358258","https://openalex.org/W2028939659","https://openalex.org/W2029160132","https://openalex.org/W2030612634","https://openalex.org/W2031674167","https://openalex.org/W2032123552","https://openalex.org/W2032127445","https://openalex.org/W2036313720","https://openalex.org/W2037076542","https://openalex.org/W2038449539","https://openalex.org/W2038599188","https://openalex.org/W2040075903","https://openalex.org/W2043019442","https://openalex.org/W2043326224","https://openalex.org/W2043737127","https://openalex.org/W2043887813","https://openalex.org/W2043906532","https://openalex.org/W2043976325","https://openalex.org/W2044287878","https://openalex.org/W2044768120","https://openalex.org/W2047480444","https://openalex.org/W2047556186","https://openalex.org/W2048566710","https://openalex.org/W2048694374","https://openalex.org/W2050466666","https://openalex.org/W2050700045","https://openalex.org/W2050965469","https://openalex.org/W2051126700","https://openalex.org/W2052263121","https://openalex.org/W2052325775","https://openalex.org/W2052723208","https://openalex.org/W2053797606","https://openalex.org/W2055049930","https://openalex.org/W2055339965","https://openalex.org/W2056449076","https://openalex.org/W2056506112","https://openalex.org/W2058396068","https://openalex.org/W2061207855","https://openalex.org/W2061218858","https://openalex.org/W2061374905","https://openalex.org/W2061521565","https://openalex.org/W2061870048","https://openalex.org/W2063078020","https://openalex.org/W2063654789","https://openalex.org/W2064308726","https://openalex.org/W2065519188","https://openalex.org/W2067254060","https://openalex.org/W2067598739","https://openalex.org/W2068877545","https://openalex.org/W2069338867","https://openalex.org/W2070012372","https://openalex.org/W2070144102","https://openalex.org/W2070877172","https://openalex.org/W2071057272","https://openalex.org/W2074115135","https://openalex.org/W2074424133","https://openalex.org/W2074661717","https://openalex.org/W2075293916","https://openalex.org/W2075440980","https://openalex.org/W2075480969","https://openalex.org/W2075770371","https://openalex.org/W2076355307","https://openalex.org/W2077968009","https://openalex.org/W2078587166","https://openalex.org/W2079377965","https://openalex.org/W2082886348","https://openalex.org/W2084424046","https://openalex.org/W2084506717","https://openalex.org/W2084761252","https://openalex.org/W2085261733","https://openalex.org/W2085536840","https://openalex.org/W2086945989","https://openalex.org/W2088053309","https://openalex.org/W2089346225","https://openalex.org/W2089497289","https://openalex.org/W2090296908","https://openalex.org/W2090829051","https://openalex.org/W2091602751","https://openalex.org/W2093101006","https://openalex.org/W2093341442","https://openalex.org/W2094174828","https://openalex.org/W2094664659","https://openalex.org/W2097224767","https://openalex.org/W2097706568","https://openalex.org/W2102232873","https://openalex.org/W2102785869","https://openalex.org/W2103529803","https://openalex.org/W2103638317","https://openalex.org/W2104063012","https://openalex.org/W2109179288","https://openalex.org/W2109253148","https://openalex.org/W2109297441","https://openalex.org/W2110309669","https://openalex.org/W2111316755","https://openalex.org/W2111359040","https://openalex.org/W2113575403","https://openalex.org/W2114126667","https://openalex.org/W2114359532","https://openalex.org/W2114429945","https://openalex.org/W2114603292","https://openalex.org/W2116345541","https://openalex.org/W2117184091","https://openalex.org/W2118196182","https://openalex.org/W2118408169","https://openalex.org/W2119222528","https://openalex.org/W2120479348","https://openalex.org/W2120997162","https://openalex.org/W2121595515","https://openalex.org/W2122049929","https://openalex.org/W2124314528","https://openalex.org/W2124352443","https://openalex.org/W2125332626","https://openalex.org/W2126482091","https://openalex.org/W2127478868","https://openalex.org/W2127649531","https://openalex.org/W2127685726","https://openalex.org/W2127817640","https://openalex.org/W2128428904","https://openalex.org/W2130259551","https://openalex.org/W2130418680","https://openalex.org/W2132290252","https://openalex.org/W2133110203","https://openalex.org/W2133804194","https://openalex.org/W2134213231","https://openalex.org/W2136774502","https://openalex.org/W2137929296","https://openalex.org/W2138248628","https://openalex.org/W2138470941","https://openalex.org/W2139159881","https://openalex.org/W2140845182","https://openalex.org/W2142773663","https://openalex.org/W2144913449","https://openalex.org/W2145623055","https://openalex.org/W2148448399","https://openalex.org/W2149322092","https://openalex.org/W2149515855","https://openalex.org/W2150265710","https://openalex.org/W2150482242","https://openalex.org/W2150492554","https://openalex.org/W2151278267","https://openalex.org/W2152083540","https://openalex.org/W2153918414","https://openalex.org/W2153970180","https://openalex.org/W2154204770","https://openalex.org/W2155405391","https://openalex.org/W2155992852","https://openalex.org/W2156380404","https://openalex.org/W2156891291","https://openalex.org/W2157611390","https://openalex.org/W2158934536","https://openalex.org/W2160626977","https://openalex.org/W2161048740","https://openalex.org/W2163284793","https://openalex.org/W2164341623","https://openalex.org/W2165378558","https://openalex.org/W2165715544","https://openalex.org/W2167771373","https://openalex.org/W2170111966","https://openalex.org/W2171689172","https://openalex.org/W2171773735","https://openalex.org/W2242009754","https://openalex.org/W2311319609","https://openalex.org/W2313300349","https://openalex.org/W2314619766","https://openalex.org/W2317554121","https://openalex.org/W2318289184","https://openalex.org/W2318390173","https://openalex.org/W2318639814","https://openalex.org/W2319055243","https://openalex.org/W2328171401","https://openalex.org/W2330049018","https://openalex.org/W2331780769","https://openalex.org/W2333452860","https://openalex.org/W2335969006","https://openalex.org/W2341616068","https://openalex.org/W2443097184","https://openalex.org/W2467053533","https://openalex.org/W2468904284","https://openalex.org/W2562741232","https://openalex.org/W2740336755","https://openalex.org/W2798365711","https://openalex.org/W2906392258","https://openalex.org/W2908092823","https://openalex.org/W7097297430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995414702","https://openalex.org/W2076559408","https://openalex.org/W4416643919","https://openalex.org/W2110117592","https://openalex.org/W2087781435","https://openalex.org/W7097647914","https://openalex.org/W2116614776","https://openalex.org/W4321378566","https://openalex.org/W2132417377","https://openalex.org/W2029050165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"To":[1],"analyse":[2],"the":[3,34,38,62,86,95,116,144,152,155,178,216,236,266,289,296],"epidemiological,":[4],"clinical":[5,28,64],"and":[6,27,75,82,101,108,137,162,180,212,265,281,303],"immunological":[7],"aspects":[8],"of":[9,13,33,37,66,147,158,182,186,263,269,291,298],"a":[10,54,223,292],"recent":[11,145,237],"epidemic":[12],"acute":[14,87,105],"HCV":[15,39,45,67,74,76,102,106,149,171,210,217,264],"in":[16,53,68,94,115,154,258],"HIV":[17,159,256],"co-infected":[18,160],"individuals.;Methods:":[19],"The":[20,89,111,126,173,188,205,251],"epidemiology":[21],"was":[22,41,59,151],"characterised":[23],"using":[24],"combined":[25],"molecular":[26,117],"studies.":[29],"A":[30],"phylogenetic":[31,206],"analysis":[32],"E1/E2":[35],"region":[36],"genome":[40],"performed":[42],"to":[43,73,199,222,277,287],"determine":[44],"transmission.":[46,125,250],"Transmission":[47],"risk":[48,244],"factors":[49,232,245,285],"were":[50,78,140],"then":[51],"explored":[52],"multicentre":[55],"case-control":[56,127],"study.":[57],"Data":[58],"collected":[60,84],"on":[61,295],"early":[63],"course":[65],"HIV.":[69,110],"Longitudinal":[70],"cell-mediated":[71,99],"responses":[72,100,176],"evolution":[77,103,195],"studied":[79],"with":[80,107,143,248,255],"PBMCs":[81],"serum":[83],"during":[85],"phase.;Results:":[88],"studies":[90],"revealed":[91],"significant":[92],"differences":[93],"epidemiology,":[96],"natural":[97],"history,":[98],"between":[104],"without":[109],"seven":[112],"clusters":[113,207],"demonstrated":[114],"study":[118,128],"is":[119,219],"strong":[120],"evidence":[121],"for":[122,170,184,235],"common":[123],"source":[124],"identified":[129],"permucosal":[130],"factors,":[131],"including":[132],"high-risk":[133],"mucosally":[134],"traumatic":[135],"sexual":[136],"drug":[138],"practices,":[139],"significantly":[141,166],"associated":[142,247,254],"transmission":[146,218],"HCV.":[148,187],"persistence":[150],"outcome":[153],"vast":[156,267],"majority":[157,268],"individuals":[161,305],"these":[163,270,284],"rates":[164],"are":[165,233,246],"higher":[167],"than":[168,241],"those":[169],"mono-infection.":[172],"CD4":[174],"T-cell":[175],"lacked":[177],"magnitude":[179],"breadth":[181],"response":[183],"control":[185],"virological":[189],"data":[190],"supported":[191],"this,":[192],"revealing":[193],"quasispecies":[194],"that":[196,215,228],"appeared":[197],"not":[198,220],"be":[200,288],"driven":[201],"by":[202],"immune":[203],"pressure.;Conclusions:":[204],"cross":[208],"both":[209],"genotype":[211],"subtype":[213],"implying":[214],"due":[221],"specific":[224],"viral":[225],"change,":[226],"but":[227],"patient":[229],"and/or":[230],"environmental":[231],"responsible":[234],"infections.":[238],"Permucosal":[239],"rather":[240],"parenteral":[242],"behavioural":[243],"this":[249,279],"immuno-deficient":[252],"state":[253],"results":[257],"very":[259],"low":[260],"spontaneous":[261],"clearance":[262],"patients":[271],"become":[272],"persistently":[273],"infected.":[274],"In":[275],"order":[276],"mitigate":[278],"important":[280],"ongoing":[282],"epidemic,":[283],"need":[286],"focus":[290],"concerted":[293],"effort":[294],"part":[297],"public":[299],"health":[300],"specialist,":[301],"clinicians":[302],"HIV-positive":[304],"themselves.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}