{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467951092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2882","title":"Assessment and tuning of data assimilation systems using passive observations","display_name":"Assessment and tuning of data assimilation systems using passive observations","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467951092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2882","mag":"2467951092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/qj.2882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70522100","display_name":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0035-9009","issn":["0035-9009","1477-870X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004752597","display_name":"G.J. Marseille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-693X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-693X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309140791","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfgh554","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791","https://openalex.org/I331567899","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gert\u2010Jan Marseille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029045251","display_name":"Jan Barkmeijer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309140791","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfgh554","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791","https://openalex.org/I331567899","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Barkmeijer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073492592","display_name":"Siebren de Haan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-7117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-7117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309140791","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfgh554","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791","https://openalex.org/I331567899","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siebren de Haan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005027592","display_name":"W. T. M. Verkley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-8181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-8181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309140791","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05dfgh554","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791","https://openalex.org/I331567899","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wim Verkley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004752597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309140791"],"apc_list":{"value":4320,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4320},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6982025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"142","issue":"701","first_page":"3001","last_page":"3014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-observation","display_name":"passive observation","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-observations","display_name":"aircraft observations","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-functions","display_name":"structure functions","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecmwf-model","display_name":"ECMWF model","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forecast-verification","display_name":"forecast verification","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-error","display_name":"sampling error","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observing-system-experiments","display_name":"observing system experiments","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-troposphere-temperature","display_name":"upper troposphere temperature","score":0.718999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.8396865129470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40382383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399824","display_name":"Mesoscale meteorology","level":2,"score":0.6015121936798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5629528164863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5042151212692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.4226810336112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3990214765071869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.35675278306007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.329862505197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2661750614643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21234238147735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/qj.2882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70522100","display_name":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","issn_l":"0035-9009","issn":["0035-9009","1477-870X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988927531","https://openalex.org/W1993512681","https://openalex.org/W1994927656","https://openalex.org/W2000941273","https://openalex.org/W2041863660","https://openalex.org/W2054821405","https://openalex.org/W2077511076","https://openalex.org/W2096075947","https://openalex.org/W2104355414","https://openalex.org/W2112863322","https://openalex.org/W2123059146","https://openalex.org/W2156453633","https://openalex.org/W2166317254","https://openalex.org/W2168832918","https://openalex.org/W2198507402","https://openalex.org/W2236771545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2178245170","https://openalex.org/W4408319767","https://openalex.org/W4416119557","https://openalex.org/W2345255075","https://openalex.org/W3136893287","https://openalex.org/W2773505103","https://openalex.org/W2148654160","https://openalex.org/W2572648805","https://openalex.org/W4408484690","https://openalex.org/W2759290968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Independent":[0],"observations":[1,23,31,118],"can":[2],"be":[3],"used":[4,39,218],"to":[5,45,86,117,120,159,178],"diagnose":[6],"and":[7,79,169],"tune":[8],"a":[9,50,131,142,215],"data":[10,43,77,189,210,216],"assimilation":[11],"(DA)":[12],"system.":[13],"Analysis":[14],"increments":[15],"generally":[16],"improve":[17],"the":[18,60,75,87,95,99,104,121,138,161,167,196],"model":[19,83,108,122,126,148],"state":[20],"near":[21],"assimilated":[22,55],"but":[24,111],"degrade":[25],"it":[26],"further":[27],"away.":[28],"High\u2010resolution":[29],"aircraft":[30],"from":[32,54,150,229],"Mode\u2010S":[33],"Enhanced":[34],"Surveillance":[35],"(Mode\u2010S":[36],"EHS)":[37],"are":[38,109],"as":[40,49,80],"an":[41,187,208],"independent":[42,76,188,209],"source":[44,78,211,217],"verify":[46],"increment":[47],"degradation":[48],"function":[51],"of":[52,59,98,103,134,192,198,227],"distance":[53],"observations.":[56,154],"An":[57],"adaptation":[58],"inherently":[61],"imperfect":[62],"gain":[63],"matrix":[64,102],"in":[65,137,166,202,219],"DA":[66],"is":[67,92,115,127,144,156,176],"proposed":[68],"such":[69,81],"that":[70,94],"resulting":[71],"analyses":[72],"better":[73],"fit":[74],"draw":[82],"simulations":[84],"closer":[85],"true":[88],"atmospheric":[89],"state.":[90],"It":[91,155],"found":[93],"structure":[96],"functions":[97],"background\u2010error":[100],"covariance":[101],"experimental":[105],"mesoscale":[106],"HARMONIE":[107],"appropriate":[110],"too":[112],"much":[113],"weight":[114],"given":[116],"relative":[119],"background.":[123],"The":[124],"ECMWF":[125],"well":[128],"tuned":[129],"with":[130],"slight":[132],"overestimation":[133],"temperature":[135],"information":[136],"upper":[139],"troposphere.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"caveat":[143],"highlighted":[145],"when":[146,185],"comparing":[147],"forecasts":[149,228],"different":[151,230],"experiments":[152,205,221],"against":[153],"common":[157],"practice":[158],"use":[160],"same":[162],"observing":[163,199,203],"system":[164,204],"both":[165],"analysis":[168],"for":[170,225],"forecast":[171,174],"verification.":[172],"However,":[173],"verification":[175,226],"prone":[177],"sampling":[179],"errors,":[180],"yielding":[181],"less":[182],"favourable":[183],"scores":[184],"using":[186],"source.":[190],"Avoidance":[191],"biased":[193],"conclusions":[194],"on":[195],"impact":[197],"systems,":[200],"e.g.":[201],"(OSE),":[206],"requires":[207],"(best":[212,222],"practice)":[213,224],"or":[214],"all":[220],"pragmatic":[223],"experiments.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}