{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467743911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","title":"Induction of apoptosis in HepG2 by Vitex agnus-castus L. leaves extracts and identification of their active chemical constituents by LC-ESI-MS","display_name":"Induction of apoptosis in HepG2 by Vitex agnus-castus L. leaves extracts and identification of their active chemical constituents by LC-ESI-MS","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467743911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","mag":"2467743911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739388014","display_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease","issn_l":"2222-1808","issn":["2222-1808"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311926","host_organization_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112345339","display_name":"Ezzat El-Sayed Abdel-Lateef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ezzat El-Sayed Abdel-Lateef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008623785","display_name":"Olfat Ali Hammam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-5804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olfat Ali Hammam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016128573","display_name":"Faten S. Mahmoud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faten Salah Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110995653","display_name":"Shimaa Attia Atta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-3453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-3453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shimaa Attia Atta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111909463","display_name":"Mortada Mohamed El-Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6134-8380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6134-8380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mortada Mohamed El-Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063605056","display_name":"Hanaa Ismail Hassenein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92039331","display_name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4dr544","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanaa Ismail Hassenein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar 12411, Imbaba (P.O. Box 30), Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112345339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92039331"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54166189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"7","first_page":"539","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12215","display_name":"Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities","score":0.4796999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12215","display_name":"Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities","score":0.4796999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.3871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11613","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Biological Activities","score":0.06809999793767929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitex-agnus-castus","display_name":"Vitex agnus-castus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-extract","display_name":"leaf extract","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepg2-cells","display_name":"HepG2 cells","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caspase-3","display_name":"caspase-3","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butanolic-fraction","display_name":"butanolic fraction","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-metabolites","display_name":"secondary metabolites","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iridoids","display_name":"iridoids","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-acids","display_name":"phenolic acids","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-activity","display_name":"anticancer activity","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvant-cancer-therapy","display_name":"adjuvant cancer therapy","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.7755925059318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994380890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11173","display_name":"Chemical constituents","level":2,"score":0.6694157123565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.618013858795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776055120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132607","display_name":"Vitex","level":2,"score":0.5173008441925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205345274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873009","display_name":"Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","level":3,"score":0.4831911623477936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44100427627563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.27192598581314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2612845301628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.18401670455932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1274052858352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162356407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180809","display_name":"Mass spectrometry","level":2,"score":0.11554470658302307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739388014","display_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease","issn_l":"2222-1808","issn":["2222-1808"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311926","host_organization_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61084-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739388014","display_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease","issn_l":"2222-1808","issn":["2222-1808"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311926","host_organization_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321148","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639069263","https://openalex.org/W1422080213","https://openalex.org/W1938930503","https://openalex.org/W1977277101","https://openalex.org/W1995574509","https://openalex.org/W2000827172","https://openalex.org/W2001723288","https://openalex.org/W2006241660","https://openalex.org/W2009253660","https://openalex.org/W2013838126","https://openalex.org/W2025420004","https://openalex.org/W2025546974","https://openalex.org/W2025978092","https://openalex.org/W2031493229","https://openalex.org/W2034550122","https://openalex.org/W2040554717","https://openalex.org/W2041734897","https://openalex.org/W2041885441","https://openalex.org/W2047713041","https://openalex.org/W2050922683","https://openalex.org/W2063411712","https://openalex.org/W2065423966","https://openalex.org/W2067144220","https://openalex.org/W2072754176","https://openalex.org/W2075330784","https://openalex.org/W2076961963","https://openalex.org/W2077566839","https://openalex.org/W2078474671","https://openalex.org/W2080308960","https://openalex.org/W2084340358","https://openalex.org/W2084721834","https://openalex.org/W2089788184","https://openalex.org/W2095058128","https://openalex.org/W2096089193","https://openalex.org/W2100075918","https://openalex.org/W2100227765","https://openalex.org/W2101524825","https://openalex.org/W2112705749","https://openalex.org/W2119803202","https://openalex.org/W2154239359","https://openalex.org/W2167207140","https://openalex.org/W2185079719","https://openalex.org/W2187784395","https://openalex.org/W2317128563","https://openalex.org/W2435176410","https://openalex.org/W2561459292","https://openalex.org/W2950580030","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6649258847","https://openalex.org/W6687057046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2929045885","https://openalex.org/W4403503567","https://openalex.org/W2077566839","https://openalex.org/W2984549213","https://openalex.org/W2003434965","https://openalex.org/W2084721834","https://openalex.org/W7167328739","https://openalex.org/W2599725823","https://openalex.org/W4393121343","https://openalex.org/W7140212661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,101,106,143,175,205,221],"cytotoxic":[4,210],"activity":[5],"and":[6,19,47,53,72,129,147,164,179,192,214,230],"cytopathological":[7,68,140],"changes":[8,69],"of":[9,30,59,70,83,108,145,201,223],"Vitex":[10],"agnus-castus":[11,15,32,241],"L.":[12],"(":[13],"V.":[14,31,240],")":[16],"leaves":[17,28],"extracts":[18,61,86],"characterize":[20],"their":[21],"bioactive":[22,184,225],"chemical":[23,81],"constituents.":[24],"Methods":[25],"The":[26,39,56,80,97,139,166,195,209],"dried":[27],"powder":[29],"was":[33,42,62,100,150],"extracted":[34],"using":[35,44,49,89],"85%":[36],"methanol":[37],"(MeOH).":[38],"methanolic":[40,207],"extract":[41,121,178],"defatted":[43,176,206],"petroleum":[45],"ether":[46],"fractionated":[48],"ethyl":[50],"acetate":[51],"(EtOAc)":[52],"butanol":[54],"(BuOH).":[55],"anticancer":[57],"potential":[58],"different":[60,183],"evaluated":[63],"by":[64],"neutral":[65],"red":[66],"assay,":[67],"apoptosis":[71,146],"caspase-3":[73,148,215],"expression":[74,149],"in":[75,104,153,233,248],"hepatoma":[76],"cell":[77],"line":[78],"(HepG2).":[79],"constituents":[82],"most":[84,102],"active":[85,103],"were":[87],"identified":[88],"liquid":[90,167],"chromatography-electrospray":[91,168],"ionisation":[92,169],"mass":[93,170],"spectrometry":[94,171],"analysis.":[95],"Results":[96],"butanolic":[98,196],"fraction":[99,131,181,197],"inhibiting":[105],"proliferation":[107],"HepG2":[109,154],"cells":[110,155,160],"[IC":[111,122,132],"50":[112,123,133],"=":[113,124,134],"(13.42":[114],"\u00b1":[115,126,136],"0.17)":[116],"mg/mL]":[117],"compared":[118],"with":[119,157,162],"MeOH":[120,163,177],"(17.61":[125],"0.15)":[127],"mg/mL)":[128],"EtOAc":[130],"(22.51":[135],"0.26)":[137],"mg/mL].":[138],"examinations":[141],"demonstrated":[142],"morphology":[144],"more":[151],"evident":[152],"treated":[156,161],"BuOH":[158,180],"than":[159,204],"EtOAc.":[165],"analysis":[172],"exhibited":[173],"that":[174],"had":[182],"secondary":[185,202,226],"metabolites,":[186],"such":[187],"as":[188,245],"phenolic":[189,231],"acids,":[190],"flavonoids,":[191],"iridoids.":[193],"Conclusions":[194],"has":[198],"higher":[199],"contents":[200],"metabolites":[203,227],"extract.":[208],"activities,":[211],"apoptotic":[212],"changes,":[213],"activation":[216],"may":[217],"be":[218,243],"due":[219],"to":[220,242],"presence":[222],"these":[224,234],"(iridoids,":[228],"flavonoid,":[229],"acids)":[232],"extracts.":[235],"These":[236],"results":[237],"would":[238],"suggest":[239],"used":[244],"an":[246],"adjuvant":[247],"cancer":[249],"therapy.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}