{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467465531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","title":"The Ratio of Bullying and Victimization among Turkish Elementary School Students and Its Relationship to Gender and Grade Level","display_name":"The Ratio of Bullying and Victimization among Turkish Elementary School Students and Its Relationship to Gender and Grade Level","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467465531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","mag":"2467465531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197619","display_name":"Journal of Social Sciences","issn_l":"0971-8923","issn":["0971-8923","2456-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324169648","host_organization_name":"Kamla Raj Enterprises","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324169648"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kamla Raj Enterprises"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078282580","display_name":"H\u00fclya Kartal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-7747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-7747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131835042","display_name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcni\u0307versi\u0307tesi\u0307","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3eb07","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H\u00fclya Kartal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078282580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85776877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"109","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11647","display_name":"Workplace Violence and Bullying","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullying","display_name":"bullying","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victimization","display_name":"victimization","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence-of-bullying","display_name":"bullying prevalence","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-level","display_name":"grade level","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-bullying","display_name":"verbal bullying","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-bullying","display_name":"physical bullying","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rumor-spreading","display_name":"rumor propagation","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish-students","display_name":"Turkish students","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.8784415125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6893860697746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4980134963989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197619","display_name":"Journal of Social Sciences","issn_l":"0971-8923","issn":["0971-8923","2456-6756"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324169648","host_organization_name":"Kamla Raj Enterprises","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324169648"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kamla Raj Enterprises"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34129792","https://openalex.org/W143305278","https://openalex.org/W199318477","https://openalex.org/W1549055297","https://openalex.org/W1570404220","https://openalex.org/W1578329365","https://openalex.org/W1937599678","https://openalex.org/W1963907501","https://openalex.org/W1964213557","https://openalex.org/W1970953253","https://openalex.org/W1980316240","https://openalex.org/W1983691198","https://openalex.org/W1983800911","https://openalex.org/W1996782588","https://openalex.org/W1997341576","https://openalex.org/W1998488425","https://openalex.org/W2051407657","https://openalex.org/W2063392280","https://openalex.org/W2063412550","https://openalex.org/W2069740273","https://openalex.org/W2081485185","https://openalex.org/W2087158864","https://openalex.org/W2089201554","https://openalex.org/W2097265871","https://openalex.org/W2108106924","https://openalex.org/W2112861451","https://openalex.org/W2117276665","https://openalex.org/W2136357680","https://openalex.org/W2148447646","https://openalex.org/W2150429956","https://openalex.org/W2153153689","https://openalex.org/W2156996204","https://openalex.org/W2230428300","https://openalex.org/W2249728635","https://openalex.org/W2279456904","https://openalex.org/W2625137599","https://openalex.org/W2731479466","https://openalex.org/W3202336542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560751118","https://openalex.org/W7108322666","https://openalex.org/W2026045294","https://openalex.org/W1479928244","https://openalex.org/W7197560581","https://openalex.org/W2336419630","https://openalex.org/W2184192237","https://openalex.org/W2216262550","https://openalex.org/W7097062270","https://openalex.org/W1844273031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,33,51,69,77,80,93,114,128,146],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,28,46,58,64,82],"to":[6,22,90,101,124,143,150],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,34,41,49,56,67,91,104,117,120,126,132],"prevalence":[9],"bullying":[11,81,115,129],"and":[12,19,24,60,75,106,110,119,137],"victimization":[13],"among":[14],"Turkish":[15],"elementary":[16,35,135],"school":[17],"students":[18,37,54,71],"its":[20,138],"relationship":[21],"gender":[23],"grade":[25],"level.":[26],"It":[27,44,63],"reported":[29,47],"that":[30,48,53,66],"79.6":[31],"%":[32],"level":[36,136],"were":[38],"bullied":[39],"during":[40],"last":[42],"month.":[43],"also":[45],"type":[50,79],"bulling":[52],"experienced":[55,130],"most":[57],"verbal":[59],"physical":[61,74],"bulling.":[62],"revealed":[65],"percentage":[68],"male":[70],"experiencing":[72],"verbal,":[73],"spreading":[76],"rumors":[78],"significantly":[83],"much":[84],"higher":[85],"than":[86],"female":[87],"students.":[88],"Due":[89],"likelihood":[92],"those":[94],"who":[95],"bully":[96,118],"at":[97,134],"an":[98],"early":[99],"age":[100],"offend":[102],"in":[103,122],"future":[105],"physically,":[107],"emotionally,":[108],"psychologically":[109],"academically":[111],"adverse":[112],"effects":[113],"on":[116],"victim,":[121],"order":[123],"determine":[125],"types":[127],"by":[131],"children":[133],"frequency":[139],"as":[140,142],"well":[141],"cleanse":[144],"schools":[145],"bullying,":[147],"programs":[148],"have":[149],"be":[151],"urgently":[152],"implemented.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}