{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467410187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","title":"Bacteriophage treatment of intransigent diabetic toe ulcers: a case series","display_name":"Bacteriophage treatment of intransigent diabetic toe ulcers: a case series","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467410187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","mag":"2467410187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2478453819","display_name":"Journal of Wound Care","issn_l":"0969-0700","issn":["0969-0700","2052-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632787","host_organization_name":"Mark Allen Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mark Allen Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Wound Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035344654","display_name":"Randolph Fish","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137649","display_name":"St. Joseph Medical Center in Tacoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02wyf1c22","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802797007","https://openalex.org/I4210118434","https://openalex.org/I4210137649"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Fish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wound Centers at St Joseph's Medical Center, Tacoma, and Gray's Harbor Community Hospital, Aberdeen, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wound Centers at St Joseph's Medical Center, Tacoma, and Gray's Harbor Community Hospital, Aberdeen, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056076266","display_name":"Elizabeth Martin Kutter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-684X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-684X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60341648","display_name":"The Evergreen State College","ror":"https://ror.org/043yd1m08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60341648"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Kutter","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60341648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016944849","display_name":"Gordon Wheat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304127598","display_name":"Group Health Cooperative","ror":"https://ror.org/05kx3hd68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304127598"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Wheat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Saint Peter Hospital Family Medicine Residency, 3324 Sunset Beach Dr. Olympia, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Saint Peter Hospital Family Medicine Residency, 3324 Sunset Beach Dr. Olympia, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304127598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053918189","display_name":"Bob G. Blasdel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-1803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-1803","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-696X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Blasdel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, box 2462, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, box 2462, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009784780","display_name":"Mzia Kutateladze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-7278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-7278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091061","display_name":"George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9pfn36","country_code":"GE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091061"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kutateladze","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology - 3, Gotua str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology - 3, Gotua str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037439305","display_name":"Sarah J. Kuhl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-5087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-5087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kuhl","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Northern California, 150 Muir Road, Martinez CA 94553, and Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Northern California, 150 Muir Road, Martinez CA 94553, and Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":231,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98422392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"Sup7","first_page":"S27","last_page":"S33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10771","display_name":"Wound Healing and Treatments","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phage-therapy","display_name":"phage therapy","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-foot-ulcer","display_name":"diabetic foot ulcer","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toe-ulcer","display_name":"toe ulcer","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-refractory-infection","display_name":"antibiotic-refractory infection","score":0.7279999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9354521036148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776441376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028","display_name":"Bacteriophage","level":4,"score":0.5131129026412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5048097372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.41757088899612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777858829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52856","display_name":"Diabetic foot","level":3,"score":0.41203033924102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.38407281041145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.3634698987007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.33262813091278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09347972273826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.07440674304962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2478453819","display_name":"Journal of Wound Care","issn_l":"0969-0700","issn":["0969-0700","2052-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632787","host_organization_name":"Mark Allen Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mark Allen Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Wound Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.12968/jowc.2016.25.7.s27","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.7.s27","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.7.s27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2478453819","display_name":"Journal of Wound Care","issn_l":"0969-0700","issn":["0969-0700","2052-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322632787","host_organization_name":"Mark Allen Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322632787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mark Allen Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Wound Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/601424","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/601424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Wound Care, vol. 25 (7), (S27-S33)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110014029","https://openalex.org/W307610766","https://openalex.org/W1793667443","https://openalex.org/W1989131500","https://openalex.org/W1991772704","https://openalex.org/W2040274090","https://openalex.org/W2070373460","https://openalex.org/W2081160508","https://openalex.org/W2083180410","https://openalex.org/W2084455538","https://openalex.org/W2093390018","https://openalex.org/W2097999790","https://openalex.org/W2103182900","https://openalex.org/W2117840807","https://openalex.org/W2123472952","https://openalex.org/W2123978130","https://openalex.org/W2128912840","https://openalex.org/W2135233586","https://openalex.org/W2156782167","https://openalex.org/W2157951081","https://openalex.org/W4250175284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383874441","https://openalex.org/W4308639690","https://openalex.org/W2895188866","https://openalex.org/W2767985712","https://openalex.org/W4366830419","https://openalex.org/W3042027960","https://openalex.org/W4311739927","https://openalex.org/W2767885898","https://openalex.org/W4410369179","https://openalex.org/W4387371735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Diabetic":[1],"foot":[2,356],"ulcer":[3],"(DFU)":[4],"infections":[5,247],"are":[6,39,143],"a":[7,54,76,109,180,200,313],"growing":[8],"public":[9],"health":[10],"problem,":[11],"with":[12,91,116,263,294,326],"increasing":[13],"prevalence,":[14],"poor":[15,273,331],"response":[16],"to":[17,22,26,136,193,215,234,249,279,321],"antibiotics":[18,48],"and":[19,29,86,118,129,169,240,253,274,302,333],"bacterial":[20,44],"resistance":[21],"traditional":[23],"antimicrobials":[24],"leading":[25],"increased":[27],"morbidity":[28],"mortality.":[30],"Bacteriophages":[31],"(phages),":[32],"the":[33,81,161,216,243,250,254,289,292,295,298,345],"viruses":[34],"that":[35,60],"target":[36],"specific":[37],"bacteria,":[38],"one":[40],"option":[41,151],"for":[42,347,354],"addressing":[43],"infections,":[45],"especially":[46],"where":[47,269],"fail.":[49],"Of":[50],"particular":[51],"value":[52],"is":[53],"class":[55],"of":[56,83,96,113,160,206,227,242,260,286,291,312,335,351,359,366],"virulent":[57],"staphylococcal":[58,207],"phages":[59],"hit":[61],"almost":[62],"all":[63],"Staphylococcus":[64,69,103,125],"aureus,":[65],"including":[66],"most":[67],"methicillin-resistant":[68],"aureus":[70,126],"(MRSA)":[71],"strains.":[72],"Here":[73],"we":[74],"report":[75],"continuous":[77],"case":[78,111,154,177,290],"series":[79,112,343],"assessing":[80],"effectiveness":[82],"treating":[84],"infected":[85,127,162,264,323],"poorly":[87,119,135],"vascularised":[88],"toe":[89,121,156,293,299,324],"ulcers":[90,122,255],"exposed":[92],"bone,":[93],"after":[94],"failure":[95,334],"recommended":[97,137],"antibiotic":[98,138,336],"therapy,":[99],"using":[100],"topically":[101,214],"applied":[102,213,230],"aureus-specific":[104],"phage.":[105],"Method:":[106],"This":[107],"was":[108,155,199,212,271,276,300],"compassionate-use":[110],"nine":[114],"patients":[115],"diabetes":[117],"perfused":[120],"containing":[123],"culture-proven":[124],"bone":[128,265,275,327],"soft":[130],"tissue,":[131],"who":[132],"had":[133],"responded":[134,248],"therapy.":[139],"Six":[140],"representative":[141],"cases":[142,168],"presented":[144,178],"here.":[145],"The":[146,196,225,338,361],"only":[147],"generally":[148],"accepted":[149],"other":[150],"in":[152,166,171,173,257,304],"each":[153],"amputation.":[157],"Exposed":[158],"portions":[159],"phalanges":[163],"were":[164,191],"removed":[165,278],"three":[167],"left":[170],"place":[172],"two":[174],"cases.":[175],"One":[176,267],"as":[179],"micro-clot":[181,296],"induced":[182],"gangrene":[183],"following":[184,220],"vascular":[185],"stenting.":[186],"In":[187,288],"this":[188,341],"case,":[189],"phage":[190,197,208,228,251,353],"used":[192,198,319],"prevent":[194],"infection.":[195],"commercially":[201],"available":[202],"fully":[203],"sequenced":[204],"preparation":[205,316],"Sb-1.":[209],"Phage":[210],"solution":[211,229],"ulcerations":[217,325],"once":[218],"weekly,":[219],"standard":[221],"good":[222],"wound":[223],"care.":[224],"amount":[226],"varied":[231],"from":[232],"0.1":[233],"0.5":[235],"cc":[236],"depending":[237],"on":[238],"volume":[239],"area":[241],"ulceration.":[244],"Results:":[245],"All":[246],"applications":[252],"healed":[256,303],"an":[258],"average":[259],"seven":[261,305],"weeks":[262,285,306],"debridement.":[266],"ulcer,":[268],"vascularity":[270,332],"extremely":[272],"not":[277],"preserve":[280],"hallux":[281],"function,":[282],"required":[283],"18":[284],"treatment.":[287,337],"gangrene,":[297],"salvaged":[301],"without":[307],"complications.":[308],"Conclusion:":[309],"Topical":[310],"application":[311],"staph":[314,352],"mono-phage":[315],"can":[317],"be":[318],"successfully":[320],"treat":[322],"involvement,":[328],"despite":[329],"very":[330],"success":[339],"within":[340],"small":[342],"provides":[344],"groundwork":[346],"controlled":[348],"clinical":[349],"trials":[350],"diabetic":[355],"infections.":[357],"Declaration":[358],"interest:":[360],"authors":[362],"have":[363],"no":[364],"conflict":[365],"interest.":[367]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}