{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2467401104","doi":null,"title":"Investigating and reconceptualizing recreation specialization: Flow as a developmental influence","display_name":"Investigating and reconceptualizing recreation specialization: Flow as a developmental influence","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2467401104","mag":"2467401104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-6797","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5762","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6797&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6797&context=etd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063081570","display_name":"Joshua G. Whitmore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua G. Whitmore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063081570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13353","display_name":"Flow Experience in Various Fields","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12997","display_name":"Outdoor and Experiential Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recreation-specialization","display_name":"recreation specialization","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-experience","display_name":"flow experience","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispositional-flow","display_name":"dispositional flow","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outdoor-recreation","display_name":"outdoor recreation","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recreational-motivation","display_name":"recreation motivation","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recreation-management","display_name":"recreation management","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recreation-students","display_name":"recreation students","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.786906361579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.39814522862434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2945047616958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13336536288261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12046939134597778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-6797","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5762","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6797&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:2467401104","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6797&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-6797","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5762","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6797&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190740074","display_name":"The Mathematics Enthusiast","issn_l":"1551-3440","issn":["1551-3440"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467401104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2467401104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14366210","https://openalex.org/W48449380","https://openalex.org/W72452394","https://openalex.org/W151711929","https://openalex.org/W232929728","https://openalex.org/W304150314","https://openalex.org/W647296393","https://openalex.org/W657152833","https://openalex.org/W930865633","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1501669146","https://openalex.org/W1514177034","https://openalex.org/W1539609515","https://openalex.org/W1553444720","https://openalex.org/W1849907628","https://openalex.org/W1990729157","https://openalex.org/W1991623719","https://openalex.org/W2002354741","https://openalex.org/W2002719381","https://openalex.org/W2005092827","https://openalex.org/W2011469946","https://openalex.org/W2012297539","https://openalex.org/W2013436487","https://openalex.org/W2014465228","https://openalex.org/W2027467796","https://openalex.org/W2027858022","https://openalex.org/W2040367510","https://openalex.org/W2043446529","https://openalex.org/W2046982153","https://openalex.org/W2053814545","https://openalex.org/W2056434135","https://openalex.org/W2059178933","https://openalex.org/W2060340631","https://openalex.org/W2072386513","https://openalex.org/W2077664560","https://openalex.org/W2117191435","https://openalex.org/W2117239512","https://openalex.org/W2126256904","https://openalex.org/W2127995666","https://openalex.org/W2131999453","https://openalex.org/W2140205964","https://openalex.org/W2241876194","https://openalex.org/W2416042885","https://openalex.org/W2519664515","https://openalex.org/W2588264469","https://openalex.org/W2605253687","https://openalex.org/W2790237995","https://openalex.org/W4298967558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W310471379","https://openalex.org/W72452394","https://openalex.org/W4398242280","https://openalex.org/W2757812403","https://openalex.org/W1852173323","https://openalex.org/W2159125774","https://openalex.org/W4406774156","https://openalex.org/W1635957427","https://openalex.org/W600262440","https://openalex.org/W2274750460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recreation":[0],"Specialization":[1],"has":[2,68,103],"typically":[3],"been":[4,69],"employed":[5],"by":[6,202],"researchers":[7,74],"as":[8],"a":[9,92,111,154,163,183,217,228,243,257,286,295,320,346,353],"measure":[10,218,277,348],"of":[11,38,66,79,96,107,116,140,171,179,186,199,219,278,302,361],"intensity":[12],"o":[13,26,146,166,235,260,332,349],"f":[14,27,147,167,236,261,333,350],"involvement":[15],"in":[16,86,142,314,335],"outdoor":[17,224,305,315,336],"recreation":[18,168,225,306,316,337],"activities.Several":[19],"studies":[20],"have":[21],"shown":[22],"links":[23],"between":[24],"level":[25,95,165,234,259,288,301,331],"specialization":[28,97,141,200,220,237,262,279,303,334,351,362],"within":[29],"an":[30,99,143,232],"activity":[31],"and":[32,47,57,63,73,81,129,204,207,209,214,268,282,284,363],"many":[33],"variables":[34],"such":[35],"as;":[36],"use":[37],"information":[39],"to":[40,75,151,159,192,248,323,341],"make":[41],"trip":[42],"decisions,":[43],"destination":[44],"choices,":[45],"motivations":[46],"expected":[48],"rewards,":[49],"attitudes":[50,82],"toward":[51],"resource":[52],"management,":[53],"preferences":[54],"for":[55,71,98,216,238,253,304],"physical":[56],"social":[58],"settings":[59],"attributes,":[60],"place":[61],"attachment,":[62],"other":[64,118,308,370],"aspects":[65],"involvement.This":[67],"useful":[70,354],"managers":[72],"understand":[76],"the":[77,105,127,157,195,246,275,290,318,325,328,358],"spectrum":[78,128],"behaviors":[80],"that":[83,221,227,274,285,312,345,364,372],"are":[84,344],"present":[85],"any":[87],"given":[88],"activity.Rather":[89],"than":[90],"measuring":[91],"person's":[93,112,164,258,287,321],"current":[94],"activity,":[100],"recent":[101],"research":[102,366],"raised":[104],"question":[106],"what":[108],"factors":[109,371],"influence":[110,255,373],"progression":[113],"through":[114],"stages":[115],"specialization.In":[117],"words,":[119,309],"why":[120],"do":[121],"some":[122],"people":[123],"progress":[124],"farther":[125],"along":[126],"become":[130],"highly":[131],"specialized":[132],"while":[133],"others":[134],"seemingly":[135],"hover":[136],"around":[137],"lower":[138],"levels":[139],"activity?The":[144],"purpose":[145],"this":[148,172,374],"study":[149,173],"was":[150,190,212,241,251,280,339],"explore":[152],"how":[153],"psychological":[155,244],"trait,":[156,245],"disposition":[158,247,322],"experience":[160,249,324],"flow,":[161,250],"influences":[162],"specialization.The":[169],"participants":[170],"were":[174],"students":[175],"at":[176],"The":[177],"University":[178],"Montana.Confirmatory":[180],"factor":[181],"analysis,":[182],"special":[184],"application":[185],"structural":[187,269],"equation":[188,270],"modeling,":[189],"used":[191],"test":[193],"if":[194],"three":[196],"dimensional":[197],"model":[198],"developed":[201],"Scott":[203],"Shaffer":[205],"(2001)":[206],"Lee":[208],"Scott,":[210],"(2004)":[211],"valid":[213,281],"reliable":[215,283],"included":[222],"all":[223],"activities":[226,338],"person":[229,240],"participates":[230],"in.Once":[231],"overall":[233],"each":[239],"established,":[242],"examined":[252],"its":[254],"on":[256,289,369],"using":[263],"both":[264],"simple":[265],"linear":[266,297],"regression":[267],"modeling":[271],"techniques.Results":[272],"showed":[273],"general":[276,347],"dispositional":[291],"flow":[292,326],"scale":[293],"had":[294],"positive":[296],"relationship":[298],"with":[299],"their":[300,330],"activities.In":[307],"among":[310],"those":[311],"participate":[313],"activities,":[317],"higher":[319,329],"state,":[327],"likely":[340],"be.The":[342],"implications":[343],"is":[352],"tool":[355],"when":[356],"investigating":[357],"developmental":[359],"process":[360],"future":[365],"should":[367],"focus":[368],"progression.":[375]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-07-22T00:00:00"}